a) Place of Moral Values in Society (معاشرے میں اخلاقی اقدار کا مقام)
b) Water Crises: Evaluate, Analyze and Recommend (پانی کا بحران: جائزہ، تجزیہ اور تجاویز)
c) Morality and Politics Do Not Go Together (اخلاقیات اور سیاست ساتھ نہیں چل سکتے)
d) Juvenile Delinquents are the Products of Their Environment (نوجوان مجرم اپنے ماحول کی پیداوار ہوتے ہیں)
e) Freedom is Never Absolute (آزادی کبھی مکمل نہیں ہوتی)
f) If You Don’t Like Something, Change It. If You Can’t Change It, Change Your Attitude (اگر تم کچھ پسند نہیں کرتے تو اسے بدل دو، اور اگر نہیں بدل سکتے تو اپنا رویہ بدل لو)
Q. No. 1 Write an essay on the topic “Place of Moral Values in Society.”
Essay:
A society is not merely a group of individuals sharing a geographical boundary; rather, it is a complex system of relationships, institutions, and mutual responsibilities. The strength and stability of this system depend largely on moral values such as honesty, integrity, justice, empathy, and respect. These values form the invisible foundation upon which any civilized society stands.
Moral values play a crucial role in maintaining social order. They create trust among individuals, which is essential for the smooth functioning of social, economic, and political systems. When people are honest and responsible, institutions operate more effectively and corruption is reduced. Trust also strengthens relationships between individuals and communities, making cooperation and coexistence possible.
Moreover, moral values guide human behavior even in the absence of laws. While laws enforce discipline through punishment, morality encourages individuals to act rightly out of inner conviction. For example, acts of kindness, charity, and volunteerism are driven by moral responsibility rather than legal obligation.
The decline of moral values leads to serious social problems. Corruption, injustice, crime, and inequality increase when ethical standards weaken. Family systems break down, and society becomes self-centered and unstable. In such conditions, justice becomes difficult to achieve, and the gap between rich and poor widens.
To preserve moral values, key institutions must play their role. The family is the first and most important source of moral education, where children learn behavior and ethics. Educational institutions must combine academic learning with character building. Media and leadership also influence society and should promote honesty, responsibility, and positive values.
In conclusion, moral values are essential for the progress and stability of any society. Without them, development becomes meaningless, and civilization loses its direction. A strong moral foundation ensures peace, justice, and long-term social harmony.
Q. No. 2 Write a précis of the following passage and give a suitable title.
Passage: The Vedas represent the earliest recorded stage of human intellectual development, expressed in ancient language. Early humans were initially concerned with basic needs such as food, wealth, and survival, but gradually developed curiosity about the universe and natural phenomena. They began questioning the forces of nature and gave them divine identities such as Agni, Indra, Marut, and Usha. These natural forces were worshipped as gods who controlled life and existence. However, despite creating and worshipping these deities, early Vedic thinkers remained spiritually restless and intellectually unsatisfied.
Answer:
Title: Human Curiosity and the Birth of Early Religious Thought in the Vedas
Précis: The Vedas mark the earliest stage of human intellectual growth when early humans, initially focused on survival needs, gradually developed curiosity about nature and the universe. They personified natural forces such as fire, wind, and dawn as deities like Agni, Indra, Marut, and Usha, and worshipped them as controllers of life. However, despite these beliefs, early thinkers remained spiritually unsatisfied and continued their search for deeper understanding.
Q. No. 3 Translate the following passage into Urdu:
“I have taken the child’s head in my left hand and tried to insert a wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. She struggled with tightly closed teeth. At that moment I also became angry at the child. I tried to control myself but failed. I know how to open the throat for examination and I made every effort. Finally, when I pushed the wooden instrument behind the last teeth and its tip entered the mouth, she opened it for a moment but immediately closed it again and pressed the wooden stick so hard between her teeth that it broke into pieces.”
Answer (Urdu Translation):
میں نے اپنے بائیں ہاتھ سے بچی کا سر پکڑا اور لکڑی کا ٹنگ ڈیپریسر اس کے دانتوں کے درمیان ڈالنے کی کوشش کی۔ وہ سختی سے بند دانتوں کے ساتھ جدوجہد کرتی رہی۔ اس وقت مجھے بھی بچی پر غصہ آ گیا۔ میں نے خود پر قابو پانے کی کوشش کی مگر ناکام رہا۔ میں جانتا ہوں کہ معائنے کے لیے حلق کیسے کھولا جاتا ہے اور میں نے پوری کوشش کی۔ آخرکار جب میں نے لکڑی کا آلہ آخری دانتوں کے پیچھے پہنچایا اور اس کی نوک منہ کے اندر داخل کی، تو اس نے لمحہ بھر کے لیے منہ کھولا مگر فوراً دوبارہ بند کر لیا اور لکڑی کے اس ٹکڑے کو دانتوں کے درمیان اتنی شدت سے دبا لیا کہ وہ ٹکڑوں میں ٹوٹ گیا۔
Q. No. 4 Translate the following passage into English:
“ہمارے ملک کی اقتصادی ترقی کی راہ میں ایک بڑی رکاوٹ یہ بھی ہے کہ نئی نسل کے پڑھے لکھے افراد دستی محنت کی عظمت سے ابھی تک ناآشنا ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ اعلیٰ تعلیم یافتہ افراد تو درکنار ایسے افراد بھی اکثر ہمارے مشاہدے میں آتے ہیں جو چنداں تعلیم یافتہ بھی نہیں ہوتے مگر اپنے ہاتھ سے کوئی کام کرنے کو توہین سمجھتے ہیں۔ آج کا نوجوان خواہ پڑھا لکھا ہو یا جاہل، صرف سفید پوشی کا بھرم رکھنے والے کام کی تلاش میں ہے اور محنت و مشقت طلب دستی کام سے گریزاں ہے۔ لہٰذا اگر ہم اقتصادی لحاظ سے ترقی کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو اپنے تعلیمی نظام کو اس نہج سے چلانا ہوگا کہ حصولِ علم کے بعد طلبہ ہنر مندی پر فخر محسوس کریں نہ کہ اس سے اپنا دامن بچاتے پھریں۔”
Answer :
One of the major obstacles in the path of economic development in our country is that the educated individuals of the new generation are still unaware of the dignity of manual labour. This is the reason why, apart from highly educated people, we often observe individuals who are not even properly educated but still consider working with their hands to be a humiliation.
Today’s youth, whether educated or uneducated, are only in search of jobs that maintain the appearance of respectability, and they tend to avoid manual work that requires hard labour and effort. Therefore, if we want to achieve economic progress, we must run our educational system in such a way that after acquiring knowledge, students take pride in skills and vocational work instead of avoiding it.
