The tree which is most commonly grown in hilly areas is:
Ans. d. Chirpine
The forests found along river banks are known as:
Ans. b. Bela forests
The best quality furniture is made from the wood of:
Ans. a. Shisham
Total forest area of Pakistan is:
Ans. c. 4.2% (Note: While matching historical exam benchmarks, newer assessments update this closer to 5%).
The most productive forests of Pakistan are:
Ans. b. Coniferous forests
The following tree species has maximum water requirements:
Ans. c. Sufeida
Rotation of Chirpine is:
Ans. a. 100 years
The leaves of following tree are used as food of silkworm:
Ans. c. Toot
The wood of Toot is used to make best quality:
Ans. b. Hockey sticks
The plants which shed their leaves in autumn are known as:
Ans. c. Deciduous plants
The deciduous plants can be transplanted as:
Ans. a. Entire plant with naked roots
Potowar region includes:
Ans. c. Islamabad and Rawalpindi
Wood of Jaman is used for
Ans. c. Window and door frames
The tree suitable for saline lands is:
Ans. c. Kikar (Note: Local ecotypes of Acacia nilotica/Kikar show reliable salinity tolerance).
Mangrove forests are found in:
Ans. b. Karachi and Gawadar
Diameter at breast height is diameter of tree stem above ground at a height of:
Ans. c. 4 feet 6 inches (Note: Equivalent to the standard $1.37\text{ m}$ or $4.5\text{ feet}$).
Dalbergia sisoo is basically grown in:
Ans. a. Bed nursery
Zizyphus mauritiana is basically grown in:
Ans. b. Potted nursery
Root/shoot cutting is also known as
Ans. b. Stump
NWFP stands for:
Ans. d. North western frontier province (Note: Contextual to administrative acronyms within older national datasets).
PFRI stands for:
Ans. c. Punjab Forestry research Institute
NARC stands for
Ans. c. National Agricultural Research Centre
In Pakistan, Ph.D Forestry is offered by:
Ans. d. b and c, both.
In forest ecosystem:
Ans. b. Trees/shrubs are dominant
Pneumatophores are:
Ans. c. Aerial roots
Pruning, thinning and weeding are:
Ans. a. Basically artificial activities based on human research
Removal of soil with flowing water is known as:
Ans. a. Water erosion
An area less deep than wide which drains out surplus water into a nearby canal or stream is known as:
Ans. b. Watershed area
Cambium, in plants is responsible for
Ans. b. Secondary growth
The central core of tree stem is known as:
Ans. c. Heart wood
Soft wood is wood of:
Ans. b. Coniferous trees
A tree which moves to and fro with blowing wind is known as:
Ans. d. Whip tree
A tree with stunted growth is known as :
Ans. d. Dwarf tree
In shelterwood system, all the trees are :
Ans. b. Removed in more than one installments
The silvicultural system which provides both timber and fuelwood side by side is:
Ans. d. Coppice with standard silvicultural system
Pruning should be carried out when branches are:
Ans. a. Less than thumb thickness
Removal of undesirable woody plants from the forest is known as:
Ans. b. Cleaning
MAI stands for:
Ans. d. Mean annual increment
All the operations from seed sowing up to harvesting of tree are collectively known as:
Ans. c. Silviculture
Botanical name of Neem is:
Ans. c. Azadirachta indica
Removal of branches from the tree while taking care of its health is called:
Ans. a. Pruning
Removal of braches from the tree without any respect to its health is called:
Ans. c. Lopping
Shifting of plants from nursery to the field is known as:
Ans. b. Transplanting
Root pruning promotes:
Ans. b. Adventitious roots
Following trees are suitable for desert conditions
Ans. d .a, b and c
Annual rings indicate:
Ans. c. Age of tree
Twigs are smaller than:
Ans. d. a, b and c
Which tree species has relatively less height:
Ans. c. Melia azedrach
A land supporting forest or reserved forest is:
Ans. c. Forest land
Botanical name of Willow is:
Ans. c. Salix tetrasperma
CCF stands for:
Ans. c. Chief Conservator of forests
Range Forest Officer is also known as:
Ans. d. Forest Ranger
Xylem in plants is responsible for:
Ans. b. Movement of water and minerals
Rotation of Dalbergia sissoo for best quality timber is:
Ans. d. 66 years
Rotation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with respect to MAI is:
Ans. b.12 years
Banana is a:
Ans. c. Herbaceous plant
Following is a very important medicinal plant found in Balochistan:
Ans. d. Ephedra species
The height of sub-tropical broad leaved evergreen scrub forests above sea level is:
Ans. a. 500-1500 feet
PARB is:
Ans. b. Punjab agriculture research board
The height of temperate forests above sea level is:
Ans. d. 6500-13000
The study of individual tree with respect to its environment is known as:
Ans. a. Autecolocgy
A transition zone among two ecosystems is called:
Ans. c. Ecotone
Loss of water from plant leaves is called:
Ans. b. Transpiration
Green leafy material applied to soil to improve its fertility is called:
Ans. a. Green manure
The animals which feed on plants as well as on meat are called:
Ans. c. Omnivores
The plant material fallen on forest floor such as twigs, branches, leaves etc is called;
Ans. c. Litter
A forest having all trees of same species is called:
Ans. b. Pure forest
A forest having all trees of same age is called:
Ans. c. Even-aged forest
Woody vegetation having some forage value is known as:
Ans. a. Browse
The environmental factors related to forest fire are known as:
Ans. c. Pyric factors
Edaphic factors are related to:
Ans. c. Soil
Plants are also known as:
Ans. c. Flora
Harvesting of trees at the end of rotation is:
Ans. c. Felling
The best planting method for waterlogged soils is
Ans. b. Mound planting
The nursery directly grown in the soil bed is known as:
Ans. c. Bed nursery
Compact plantation is also called as:
Ans. c. Block plantation
Loss of leaves in trees is called:
Ans. c. Defoliation
Opposite of succession is called:
Ans. d. Retrogression
Resin is obtained from
Ans. c. Chirpine
Animals feeding on dead animals are:
Ans. c. Scavengers
Burning of litter and brushwood lying on forest floor is called:
Ans. c. Surface fire
Tree stem is also known as
Ans. c. a and b
The plants which are highly drought resistant are known as:
Ans. c. Xerophytes
Tables which give volumes of logs for different values of tree diameter and length are known as:
Ans. c. Volume tables
The art and science of rearing silkworm is known as:
Ans. c. Sericulture
Final stage vegetation of an ecosystem is known as:
Ans. b. Climax vegetation
Forest growing along riverside is known as:
Ans. a. Riverain/bela forest
Material produced by living organisms is known as:
Ans. b. Biomass
Ratoon crop of trees is called:
Ans. d. Coppice
Trees with naked seeds are called:
Ans. b. Gymnosperms
Plants that grow in water or wet places are known as:
Ans. c. Hydrophytes
GBH is:
Ans. a. Girth at breast height
Layer of litter that is spread artificially on soil to cut down evaporation is called:
Ans. c. Mulch
Removal of branches before felling is called:
Ans. a. Lopping
To provide mechanical support to weak tree seedlings is called:
Ans. b. Staking
Higher water table which disturbs/stops respiration in plants is known as:
Ans. a. Waterlogging
The soils in which clay particles make 35% or more of total weight are known as:
Ans. a. Hard clayey soils
Monsoon season is in the months of:
Ans. b. July-August
The process of drying the wood before use is called:
Ans. b. Seasoning
To through away wood logs in water for some time is known as:
Ans. d. Floating
Salt tolerant plants are:
Ans. a. Halophyte
Dalbergia sissoo is the principal species in:
Ans. a. Irrigated Plantations
Resin is obtained from:
Ans. a. Pinus roxbughi
Common Name of Cenchrus cilliaris is:
Ans. c. Dhaman grass
Rotational age of Populous deltoides for max. volume production:
Ans. b. 6 Years
Number of plants per unit area is known as:
Ans. b. density
Carrying capacity of 56 h/A.u/Year:
Ans. c. Very Poor
Air dry forage needed to a buffalo for one day:
Ans. b.15 kg (Note: Calculated proportionally above standard cattle benchmarks).
Lateral movement of water under the soil surface is:
Ans. b. Seepage
Formation of gentle slope for reducing run off is known as:
Ans. b. Dyke
Group of plants growing together is known as:
Ans. d. Community
Murree Hills forests are located in the region:
Ans. b. Moist Temperate
Purpose of pruning is to get:
Ans. a. Good quality Timber
The common name of Tamarix aphylla is:
Ans. c. Frash
Where is juniper forests?
Ans. a. Ziarat
What type of famous animal present in Indus river:
Ans. c. Dolphin
Basal area is a cross sectional area of tree stem at a height of:
Ans. c. 4.5 feet
Removal of undesirable woody plants during early stage of forest is known as
Ans. d. Cleaning
Heart Wood means
Ans. d. Dead xylem
What is the main sp. of mangrove forest:
Ans. a. Aveciena marina sp.
Area occupied by rangelands of Pakistan.
Ans. c. 62%
In Range ecosystem natural vegetation is dominated by:
Ans. d. Grasses
Losses of solar energy coming from the sun in Range Ecosystem are:
Ans. d. 99%
The practices essential for obtaining maximum production within existing potential are known as:
Ans. c. Range management operations
Most common range use intensity is taken as:
Ans. b. 50%
A cow weighting about _______ Kg and eating 9 kg air dry forage per day is known as an animal unit.
Ans. c. 425kg (Note: Equivalent to the standard $1000\text{ lbs}$ Animal Unit).
Woody vegetation having some forage value is known as a:
Ans. d. Browse
Entire plant with naked roots can be successfully grown.
Ans. b. In whole winter season
The common name of Albizzia procera is
Ans. d. Shareen
Lateral Growth is controlled by
Ans. d. Cambium
Prosopis cineraria is typically found in
Ans. a. Dry tropical thorn forest
The best suited tree for sport goods is.
Ans. d. Morus alba
Dalbergia sissoo is the principle species of
Ans. a.Irrigated Forest
Silvopastoral system means:
Ans. b. Silviculture +Pasture Farming
_____________ Industry is one of the major wood based industry of Pakistan.
Ans. c. Chip board
Removal of branches from the trees for various purposes by assuring tree health is known as
Ans. b. Pruning
Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI), Gatwala, Faisalabad has two schools of Forestry located in Ghora Gali (Murree) and:
Ans. a.Faisalabad.
Pakistan Journal of Forestry is published by
Ans. a.Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar
Which one is cheapest method?
Ans. b. Air seasoning
Planting by rod is known as
Ans. d. Dibble planting
Thinning is done to have
Ans. c. Less competition
Hard Wood means
Ans. d. Wood of broad leaved trees
Albizzia lebbek belongs to the group of trees of
Ans. c. Hard wood
Wood requirement of Pakistan for forest and forest products is:
Ans. d. 35 M m3
The perennial woody plant without a distinct upright stem is known as:
Ans. b. Shrub
The limiting component of environment for plant growth in plain area is:
Ans. b. Humidity
Coniferous wood is largely made up of
Ans. d. Trachieds
Crown of a tree consists of:
Ans. a. Leaves, flowers, fruits, twigs
Cambium is located between:
Ans. b. Sap wood and living bark
Edaphic Factors are related to:
Ans. b. Soil
Each environmental Factor has
Ans. d. None of the above
(Note: Standard ecological models describe environmental gradients continuously or across three fundamental thresholds minimum, optimum, and maximum rather than rigid administrative counts).
Which one is salt tolerant.
Ans. a. Eucalyptus camaldulensis
We have best furniture wood from
Ans. b. Dalbergia sissoo
While selecting a tree speciese for Agroferestry, one should look its:
Ans. d. All above
Roots of trees largely absorb water from the soil by:
Ans. c. Root hairs
The common name Elionurus hirsutum grass is
Ans. a.Gorkha
In Pakistan, area under range is: Ans. c. 62%
Environmental factor consists of only
Ans. d. All of these
Range Management is the science and art of:
Ans. d. All above
Range can be defined as
Ans. c. Area suitable for forage production
(Note: While definition text emphasizes suitability for uncultivated forage generation, it frequently encompasses lands broadly unsuitable for regular crop cultivation).
In which ecological region, the ranges are in their poorest state of health Ans. a. Tropical
The range area in the arid and semi-arid region is
Ans. d. None of these
(Note: True proportion sits above 75-80% of the aggregate national rangeland system).
Low productive range area in Pakistan is
Ans. c. 85%
Annual rain fall of Cholistan range land is
Ans. b. 100-200 mm
Major cause of soil erosion in Pothowar rang land is
Ans. a. Water
Major causes of range vegetation deterioration in Pothowar is
Ans. c. Unscientific management
The vegetation of grazing lands along rivers (Bela) are
Ans. c. Poor diversity
Highly productive range area in Punjab is:
Ans. b. Pothowar
Which of the district falls in alpine and moist temperate pasture
Ans. c. Dir
Salt range area of Pakistan includes
Ans. c. Pothowar range area
Forage production of Pothowar range area can be increased through
Ans. b. Stock water development
Livestock production on grazing land is considered
Ans. b. Oldest profession
For range livestock management and improvement the graziers of Pakistan are generally
Ans. c. Not fully aware
The in different attitude for improvement of range livestock and range area is mainly due to
Ans. b. Lack of private ownership
The productivity of range is affected through
Ans. c. Both of these
Carrying capacity of four hacters/A.U/year shows that site is Ans. a. Good
Xerophytes are the plants of Ans. b. Desert area
Major objective of range management is
Ans. c. Forage production and grazing
Major product of range land is
Ans. b. Livestock and their products
Minimum range area is found in province of
Ans. a. Khyber-Pakhtoon-Khawa
Maximum range area is found in province of Ans. d. Baluchistan
Major land use in Khaber-pakhtoon-Khawa is
Ans. c. Livestock production (Note: Regionally tracks rangeland exploitation, though forestry defines specific high-elevation zones).
Overgrazing means when grazing intensity is
Ans. d. 70% (Note: While 50% constitutes proper use baseline limits, exceeding 60-70% transitions directly into severe overgrazing parameters).
Vast area supporting natural vegetation which is suitable for grazing and browsing by livestock is known as
Ans. c. Range land
Application of science and art on range lands for obtaining maximum yield on sustained basis is termed as
Ans. a. Range management
Range area of Pakistan is variable due to texture and structure of
Ans. d. All these factors
Soils of range lands in Pakistan are generally
Ans. b. Light textured
Vegetation of arid range lands of Pakistan is dominated by
Ans. b. Grasses
Vegetation of moist subtropical rangelands is dominated by
Ans. b.Trees and shrubs
Thal and Cholistan range area of Pakistan have
Ans. c. Sparse vegetation
Percentage of range area of Punjab is:
Ans. b. 40%
Range area of Baluchistan is
Ans. d. 27.40 m.ha
Range site provides to plants Ans. d.
All of these
Edaphic factors includes
Ans. a. Soil depth
Decline in forage yield results decrease in
Ans. c. Livestock production
The degradation of range lands is a result of:
Ans. a. Deterioration of vegetation
Technical name of Van is
Ans. c. Salvadora oleoids
Salt tolerant plants are known as
Ans. d. Halophyte
Perennial woody plant without a distinct upright stem is known
Ans. b. Shrub
The limiting factor for plant growth in range lands of dry region is
Ans. c. Precipitation
Ideal temperature range for photosynthesis is:
Ans. b. 18-30 °C
Watershed management means to
Ans. c. Conserve soil and water
Poaceae family include the following range plants
Ans. d. None of these (Note: Poaceae is explicitly the true grass family, meaning choices like shrubs or trees are systematically incorrect).
Rearing more no. of livestock than the carring capacity of the range is called
Ans. b. Overstocking
Range plants growing in normal soil are called
Ans. a. Mesophytes
Poor range condition gives the following forage production from their climax species Ans. a. <25%
Panicum antidotale is locally known as
Ans. d. Kaj
Cenchrus ciliarus grass is found in following regions
Ans. d. All of these
Range improvement operations increase:
Ans. d. Forage production
Range improvement operations decrease
Ans. d. All of these
The leaf of a legume plant has the following parts
Ans. d. None of these (Note: Blade, sheath, and ligule are standard anatomical components of grass/monocot leaf structures, not legumes).
Range ecosystem is comprised of following components
Ans. d. All of these
Man is: Ans. b. Omnivorous
Carrying capacity of 54 ha/A.U/year shows that site is
Ans. d. Poor
A cow needs how much quantity of air dry forage per day
Ans. d. 9 kg
Buffalo is equivalents to Ans. a. 1.3
Animal unit
Uniform grazing leads to
Ans. c. Proper utilization of forage
Uneven grazing is due to
Ans. d. All of these
Grazing according to carrying capacity means
Ans. a. Grazing in equilibrium with available forage
Normally half of the biomass be grazed, but some times intensity of range use is different for each range and depends on
Ans. d. All of these
No. of plants per unit area is known as
Ans. b. Density
Plants complete their lifecycle in a very short time are
Ans. c. Ephemeral
Air dried forage used to feed livestock is called
Ans. d.Hay
Plant species whose no. decreases in response to heavy grazing known as Ans. b. Decreaser
Plant species whose no. decreases in response to heavy grazing known as
Ans. b. Decreaser
Plant species which occupy range land rapidly and dominant existing species are known as
Ans. c. Invader
Which of the area is highly productive from livestock grazing point of view
Ans. c. Pastures
Very low production range area in Punjab is
Ans. c. Cholistan
Which of the district is included in Pothowar range area
Ans. d. Rawalpindi
Total area of sindh province is
Ans. d. 14.09 m.ha
Total range area of all provinces is
Ans. a. 80.75 m. ha (Note: Represents total estimated uncultivated, open-range grazing profiles across historical administrative surveys).
Percentage of range area of Baluchistan province is
Ans. b. 79%
Range area in Sindh is
Ans. c. 10.9 m. ha
Total area of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is
Ans. d. 1.33 m. ha
Range area in Azad Jammu and Kashmir is
Ans. c. 0.6 m. ha
Deserts or semi-deserts’ Cholistan range land is found in :
Ans. b. Punjab province
Chagi and Kharan range lands are found in
Ans. d. Baluchistan province
Khohistan range land is found in
Ans. c. Sindh
Thar parker (Thar) range area is located in the province of
Ans. a. Sindh
lasbela-Makran coast range area is found in
Ans. a. Baluchistan
The deserts in Pakistan are the result of
Ans. d. Aridity (Note: Aridity is the primary macroclimatic driving factor, whereas overgrazing speeds up the physical process of desertification).
Range lands of Pakistan are presently producing the following percentage of their potential
Ans. b. 20-40
The current trend of range deterioration has
Ans. c. Still in progress
Consequently the out-come of range deterioration has taken the following forms
Ans. d. All of these
Overexploitation of range vegetation has led to
Ans. d. All of these
Shortening of growing and grazing period in our ranges is the result of
Ans. b. Overgrazing
Natural unit comprises of specific site, native vegetation and animals of all kinds as well as local people living together at one time having nearly well defined boundaries and being independent of their similar units is referred to as
Ans. b. Ecosystem
Range animals consist of only
Ans. d. All of these
Following percentage of solar energy is utilized and converted by primary producers (range plants) into plant organic molecule or compounds
Ans. b. 1%
Low production from range site means loss of energy from the site which is attributed due to
Ans. d. All of these
Major factors in a range ecosystem responsible for the loss of solar energy (radiation) are
Ans. c. Both of these
Wildlife generally refers to all species of:
Ans. d. All of the above
Different kinds of wild animals have been named in the:
Ans. d. All of the above
The linkage of humans and animals and the importance of wildlife in the past _____ years has been brought to limelight largely because we have learnt that their existence is inextricably tied to our own:
Ans. a. 50
In addition to their role in the ecosystem, the value of wildlife is also found in their _______
Ans. d. all of the above
Pakistan being located on the confluence of the western end of the Indian subcontinent and the Iranian plateau supports a varied and interesting mix of flora and fauna belonging to the:
Ans. d. All of the above
Pakistan can be divided into how many biogeography provinces including:
Ans. d. All of the above
Rich in fauna and flora areas:
Ans. c. both (a) & (b)
Himalayan foothills and the potwar region including ______ are covered with the scrub forests which have been reduced to scanty growth at most of the places:
Ans. c. Both (a) & (b)
Medium size animals like ______ urial, barking deer, goral and chinkara and partridges – grey, black, seesee and chakor are supported in these habitats:
Ans. a. Punjab
Chinkara is the only animal which can still be found in fair numbers in _____ and rarely in Thal:
Ans. c. Both (a) & (b)
Indian courser are the main bird species. peafowl occurs in some areas of _______
Ans. c. Thar
Irrigated forest plantations have emerged as a new land use practice for the last ____ years:
Ans. c. 150
Birds of prey like:
Ans. c. Peregrine
Along the shore there are species of:
Ans. c. Leather back and hawk bill
The important waterfowl in Pakistan are:
Ans. c. Geese (greyiage, bar-headed)
The species characteristics are an expression of the genetic make-up of an animal species influencing the extent and nature of ______
Ans. c. both (a) & (b)
Habitat destruction is the indirectly acting factor while _____ hunting are the main direct human factors affecting wildlife populations:
Ans. b. illegal
Understanding population dynamics involves rates of change from ______
Ans. a. one year to the next
Carrying capacity is a balance between _______
Ans. c. both (a) & (b)
The concepts of population dynamics and carrying capacity led to management of wildlife which may be defined as:
Ans. c. both (a) & (b)
Species management includes:
Ans. a. techniques of stocking, game ranching, refuges, hunting
The regulations towards the management of wildlife in the subcontinent date back to _____ when the policy guidelines were given for the conservation of natural resources:
Ans. a. 1894
The forest act was promulgated in ______ which was later adopted by the government of Pakistan.
Ans. c. 1927
The forest policies having ceased to be relevant were later revised in 1955, and then in _______
Ans. b. 1962
Forest act _______ has new been revised by the authors of forestry sector master plan:
Ans. c. 1927
Wildlife was managed under West Pakistan wildlife management ordinance _________
Ans. c. 1959
Realizing the need for a better management policy for wildlife, a high-powered wildlife, a highpowered wildlife enquiry committee, constituted by the government of Pakistan presented their (draft) report in 1970, following which all the provinces and administrative unit promulgated their own wildlife act within administrative units promulgated their own wildlife act within a span of two years _______
Ans. d. none of these (Note: The provincial wildlife protection acts were explicitly promulgated between 1972 and 1974).
Realizing the need for the conservation of national resources, the government of Pakistan with the assistance of the world conservation union (IUCN) framed a national conservation strategy ________
Ans. a. 1992
The salient features of the strategy 1992 relating to wildlife, referred to here as biodiversity, are:
Ans. d. all of the above
Actions/interventions is:
Ans. d. all of the above
Re-organization of protected area system is:
Ans. c. both (a) & (b)
Conservation program for the future may include:
Ans. d. all of the above
Endangered habitats or wildlife species could also be identified completely or partially outside the protected areas. Conservation programs should therefore be addressed to:
Ans. a. involvement of local communities. work to be undertaken outside the protected area system, hence heavily based on community-led and managed activities, and awareness building
Windbreaks/shelterbelts cover:
Ans. c. both (a) & (b)
The best windbreaks approach is 100% crown density in the low-profile shrub, rows, and _____ density in the tall rows:
Ans. a. 50%
In Pakistan, because of small field size, most often 2 or 3 rows windbreaks are used, and should expect the effects to reach only about 12h downwind and _____ upwind:
Ans. c. 3h (Note: Where $h$ represents the total physical height value of the tallest tree row).
A windbreak with 50% crown density is more effective than one of either 100% or of ______ density:
Ans. b. 20%
After proper design and establishment of the windbreak, the farmer needs to pay particular attention to a key management needs: Ans. d. all of the above
Terracing is an effective method of soil conservation: Ans. b. hilly areas
Which is the main causative factor for desertification? Ans. b. overgrazing
Deforestation may reduce the chances of: Ans. a. rain fall
Deforestation causes: Ans. a. soil erosion
One of the following crops is the most effective in controlling soil erosion: Ans. c. green gram (Note: Low-growing, dense canopy legumes or pulses like green gram act as highly effective cover crops that buffer soil surfaces from rainfall impact).
Sheet erosion is caused by: Ans. c. heavy rains
Soil conservation can best achieve by having: Ans. b. good plant covers
Main indicator of soil erosion is: Ans. a. deforestation
Dark colored soils are considered most fertile as they contain: Ans. c. clay and humus
Eroded soils are: Ans. c. devoid of plant nutrients
Fifth of June is celebrated as: Ans. a. World environment day
Mulching helps in: Ans. a. Moisture conservation
What is the major cause of diminishing wildlife? Ans. b. habitat destruction
Soil erosion can be prevented by: Ans. c. afforestation
Which of the following plants is used as windbreak? Ans. c. eucalyptus
Side effect of heavy and constant grazing is that the: Ans. d. all of the above
The possible beneficial effect of the grazing animals is: Ans. a. addition of their excreta to the soil
The cutting of trees from the forests of hill near a catchment area: Ans. d. may cause flood in plains in rainy season
Grasses possess great regenerative power because they are: Ans. b. rhizomatous
Soil erosion in plains consequent to rain fall is initiated by: Ans. b. sheet erosion (Note: In a typical rain-driven progression, raindrop splash breaks down aggregates to initiate sheet erosion before channeling into rill or gully tracks).
If the topsoil has been eroded, we retire a land and grow over it: Ans. d. grasses
If the same crop is repeatedly grown in a field: Ans. b. specific mineral deficiency may arise
Bunds, dams and drains are constructed to prevent: Ans. d. gully erosion
The amount of soil lost to sea each year due to rainfall is around: Ans. a. 3,000 million tons
The chief cause of accelerated erosion is: Ans. c. overfelling and overgrazing
In dry farming initially the fertility of the land can be increased by: Ans. a. agrostology (Note: Agrostology—the study of grasses—aids in establishing robust grass covers that anchor the topsoil and rebuild organic matter reserves).
If there is a little slope in the field, the soil erosion can be prevented by: Ans. c. contour farming
The fertility level of any soil is generally determined by: Ans. d. all of these
The most common method used for cultivation on hills: Ans. c. bench terracing
The removal of weeds by ploughing is called: Ans. c. tilling
Terracing is done in: Ans. b. hilly areas
What are the helping factors of watershed management? Ans. d. all of the above
What is the object of watershed management? Ans. d. all of the above
Material deposited by flowing water is called _______ Ans. a. alluvium
The basic components of watershed cycle are: Ans. d. all of the above
Types of fire are: Ans. d. all of the above
Managing watershed in forest area is / are : Ans. c. both (a) & (b)
Concentrate water saving efforts with: Ans. d. all of the above
Cropping methods in watershed areas are: Ans. b. land classification: should be done according to (i) permeability (ii) percentage of cover (iii) type of vegetation cover
Stream flow or discharges means: Ans. a. it is quantity of water flowing in the stream or chan
The main causes of flood are: Ans. d. all of the above
Range resources of Pakistan are: Ans. d. all of the above
The region constitutes a series of high mountain ranges of: Ans. d. all of the above
The altitude varies from 1500 to 8600 m and includes 19 peaks over 7600 m, such as: Ans. d. all of the above
Major land forms cholistan desert ranges is / are : Ans. d. all of the above
Natural revegetation is: Ans. a. cheapest and slow process of rehabilitating depleted rangelands
Which area of Pakistanha a high potential for natural revegetation: Ans. a. Pothwar
Artificial reseeding is prescribed in which circumstances: Ans. a. when natural vegetation cannot recover within a short period and there are few desirable species
Name the principles and procedure which are used for reseeding of desert rangeland in Pakistan: Ans. d. all of the above
The desert rangelands of ______ are within the reach of monsoon rainfall: Ans. d. all of the above
_______ mountains of Pakistan are subject to heavy soil erosion: Ans. a. northern
The terms _______ are used synonymously: Ans. a. watershed and catchment
About 70% of the ______ hectares of land on earth are watershed land: Ans. b. 15 billion
At present ______ population is living in the watershed areas and are converting forest into agriculture land for food production: Ans. c. 60-90%
The importance of watershed management was realized when Pakistan signed Indus water treaty with India through which right of water of ______ was given to India while Pakistan has the right on river Indus and Jhelum: Ans. d. all of the above (Note: Under the 1960 treaty, the three eastern rivers—Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas—were allocated entirely to India).
Mangla dam on river: Ans. a. Jhelum
Tarbela dam on river: Ans. c. Indus
In Pakistan about ________ area is arid or semi arid and agriculture is not possible without irrigation: Ans. d. 70%
Tarbela dam is being silted at ______ acre feet per year while mangla is being silted at a rate of _____ acre feet per year due to misuse of their watershed area: Ans. a. 109000, 42,000
Main source of energy in Pakistanis : Ans. a. hydro-electricity (Note: Refers specifically to the primary source of domestic renewable power generation linked directly to watershed dam management context).
Management constraints – the constraints of management need to be identified in the initial phase of planning: Ans. d. all of the above
Watershed management planning phases is / are: Ans. d. all of the above
The determination of the dimensions, form, volume, age and increments of logs, single trees, stands or whole wood is termed as Ans. b. Forest economics / Forest mensuration (Note: Repeated number in original text; the science of measuring forest parameters is formally called Forest Mensuration).
Head loads, donkey loads, camel loads and cart loads are frequently used in to sell the_____. Ans. d. Firewood
Terminal tree height and _______ at breast height are required to calculate the volume of cylindrical tree stem. Ans. a. Cross sectional area
On sloping grounds, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of a tree is determined from Ans. b. Uphill side (Note: Measuring from the uphill side ensures a standardized baseline point exactly 4.5 feet or 1.37 meters above the root collar on sloped terrain).
Christen’s Hypsometer, used to measure tree height, is constructed on the____ principles Ans. d. Geometric
Smalian and Huber’s formula are appropriate to calculate the volume of a tree stem fraction when it resembles with frustum of a___ . Ans. d. Paraboloid
Which one of the formula is used to roughly estimate the tree volume without bark? Ans. c. Quarter girth formula
There are _____board feet in one cubic foot. Ans. b. 12
Fuel stacks in Pakistan, locally called “Pharies” are usually made with_____dimensions (length × width × height). Ans. a. 30 ft × 10 ft × 10 ft
Form factor is the ratio of tree true volume to the volume of a _____, with the same diameter and height as the tree. Ans. a. Cylinder
According to FAO (2010), deforestation rate in Pakistan from 1990 to 2010 was Ans. b. 1.66 %
Pakistani forests contain about______ million tons of carbon Ans. a. 213
According to World Bank (2015), forest cover in Qatar is about: Ans. a. 0 %
Carbon sequestration by trees and vegetation is the carbon sequestration through ____process Ans. c. Biological
The most abundant and naturally present gas in the atmosphere is: Ans. c. Nitrogen
Research is carried out to Ans. d. All of them
A document submitted in support of a candidature for an academic degree presenting the author’s research and findings is called: Ans. b. Thesis (Note: Sequential numbers 367 and 368 are merged into the question and options layout within the original text).
In the project, a specific model for activity plans that illustrates how the activities are interconnected is termed as Ans. c. Flow chart (Note: While a Gantt chart tracks timelines, a flow chart explicitly maps how activities are interconnected).
In research manuscript authors’ list, first author is called? Ans. c. Principle author
Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan has placed the non- impact factor journals in ____category. Ans. b. Y (Note: HEC recognizes journals under W, X, and Y categories; non-impact factor national journals that meet basic criteria fall into Y).
Which country does not have any river? Ans. d. Saudi Arabia
Rainforests are not located in: Ans. a. Pakistan
FPS (Foot, Pound, Second) system of measurements is also named as: Ans. c. English System
If girth of a tree is 4 feet and 7 inches, that will be equal to about: Ans. c. 4.58 feet (Note: 7 inches divided by 12 inches per foot equals 0.583 feet, which adds up to 4.58 feet).
Which one of the following instrument can’t be used for tree diameter measurement? Ans. d. Abney’s level (Note: An Abney level is used exclusively to measure slope angles and tree heights, not tree diameter).
The distant between ground level and the basal portion of the main stem when a tree is cut is termed as_____height: Ans. a. Stump
A piece of roundwood having _____ diameter at thin end is called Timber in Pakistan. Ans. c. 6 inches
The most accurate and direct method of volume measurement that can be employed for irregular shaped wood is: Ans. b. Xylometer (Note: A xylometer utilizes water displacement to accurately measure the precise volume of irregularly shaped wood samples).
The specific gravity or relative density can be calculated by dividing the density of liquid or solid with the density of : Ans. b. Water
The average annual increment at any age is termed as: Ans. c. MAI (Note: MAI stands for Mean Annual Increment, which is the total volume growth divided by the tree’s current age).
A physiological process in plants in which biotic components are converted to aboitic components with the release of energy is called: Ans. b. Respiration
Branch of ecology which deals with the interaction between individuals and populations of different species is______ ecology: Ans. a. Community
Which one of the following light colour is not absorbed by plants? Ans. c. Green
Shade intolerant plants are also called: Ans. b. Helophytes (Note: Often called heliophytes or sun-loving plants; sciophytes are shade-tolerant plants).
Plants which grow in habitats, which are neither dry nor wet and temperature of the air is neither too high nor too low are called: Ans. b. Mesophytes
Plants which live in the high temperature throughout the year are called: Ans. a. Megatherm
Soil drainage falls in Ans. c. Edaphic Factor
Change in the allelic frequencies within the gene pool of a population is called:
Ans. b. Evolution
Extra-ordianry thick bark of chir-pine (Pinus roxburghii) stem which protects it from fires is a_______adaptation:
Ans. a. Morphological
Small, hardy and thick leaves of Van (Salvadora oleoides) which cut down transpiration losses is a______adaptation:
Ans. a. Morphological
Tolerance of waterlogging by Dib (Typha angustifolia) and willow (Salix tetrasperma) etc. is a _______adaptation:
Ans. b. Physiological
Folding of leaves of Siris (Albizzia lebbek) at night to further cut down transpiratory losses is a _______adaptation:
Ans. b. Physiological (Note: Nyctinastic leaf folding is a rapid physiological response controlled by turgor pressure changes within pulvini cells). 394. Mimicry in animals and birds is a good example of _______adaptation:
Ans. c. Behavioural (Note: Alternatively classified as morphological depending on whether the exam focuses on physical pattern expression or active phenotypic behavior). 395. An interdependent multidirectional relation between producers and consumers is called:
Ans. b. Food web
The process of propagule growth and their adjustment in the new area is called:
Ans. c. Ecesis
Ecological feeding relationship between two or more organisms living closely together in such a way that one benefit and there is no effect on other, is termed as:
Ans. c. Commensalism
Ecological feeding relationship between two or more organisms living closely together in such a way that one benefit and other dies, is termed as:
Ans. d. Predation
The type of succession that occurs in areas that are devoid of any life, is termed as:
Ans. c. Primary succession
Term “Taiga” is used for which type of forests?
Ans. d. Boreal
It is not a type of biome:
Ans. a. Ocean (Note: In classical macro-ecology, oceans are typically classified as a giant marine aquatic ecosystem, whereas biomes structurally define terrestrial plant-climatic zones). 402. How much speed of wind can cause uprooting of trees
Ans. d. 40Km/H (Note: Critical dynamic mechanical failures or windfall uprooting in standard light-soil systems systematically initiate around 40–50 km/h). 403. Which tree has yellow flowers in May-June
Ans. a. Cassia fistula
Which one is best for taking cutting
Ans. a. Lateral shoot (Note: Repeated number in original text; semi-hardwood lateral shoots exhibit reliable rooting success across standard forestry vegetative propagation models). 405. The plant that grows in full sun light is called
Ans. a. Haliophyte (Note: The intended local exam term represents a phonetic variation for heliophyte; distinct from halophytes which occupy high-salinity horizons). 406. Which type of plant is known as “Sciophyte”
Ans. b. Shade loving
Which one is best for taking cutting cutting
Ans. a. Lateral shoot (Repeated entry in text). 408. Vivipary occurs in
Ans. c. Both
Stumps are prepared from
Ans. a. Seedlings
Best planting method for waterlogged soils is
Ans. b. Mound planting
Soil transported and deposited by water is called
Ans. a. Alluvial soil
A temporary dam for re-routing original stream flow to allow the construction of permanent dam is called
Ans. b. Kaffir dam (Note: Locally recorded phonetic standard for a cofferdam layout). 413. The instrument used for measuring intensity of radiant energy is called
Ans. b. Pyrheliometer
A wall constructed on uphill side along roads in hilly areas for soil conservation
Ans. a. Breast wall (Note: Breast walls structurally stabilize the natural uphill soil cut bank, whereas retaining walls support the downhill filled embankment). 415. Streams contributing to ground water are called
Ans. b. Influent streams
Downward movement of water towards deeper soil horizon is called
Ans. b. Percolation
Majority of the world water is bound chemically in the minerals i.e.
Ans. d. 94.75%
One Cubic foot of water flowing through a point in one second is
Ans. c. Cusec
Avicinia is an important specie of
Ans. b. Mangrove forests
Pinus roxburghii is an important specie of
Ans. a. Sub-tropical forests
Loss of water molecule from different plant parts is called
Ans. a. Transpiration
Lateral movement of water on soil surface under the force of gravity is
Ans. b. Runoff
Movement of water in any direction under adhesive and cohesive forces is called
Ans. b. Seepage (Note: Can also register as capillary action depending on the narrow micro-structural context of the soil pores). 424. A small unstable seasonal streamlet which cannot be ploughed up easily is
Ans. a. Gully (Note: Rills are minor and can be erased by routine plowing; gullies are deep, unstable channel cuts that disrupt agricultural implements). 425. Watersheds are important because
Ans. d. All of these
Water that accumulates in the ground after passing through the surface is called
Ans. b. Ground water
The points on the topographic map having similar precipitation are called
Ans. b. Isohyetes
The instrument used to measure evaporation is called
Ans. b. Lysimeter (Note: Measures total evapo-transpiration directly; raw free-water surface evaporation uses an evaporimeter pan). 429. Area where streams empty into bodies of water instead of into large vallies is called
Ans. b. Delta
Moisture content of the soil after gravity drainage is called
Ans. b. Field capacity
The study of earth’s surface forms and the process that shape them is termed as
Ans. a. Geomorphology
The plain formed at the base of some mountain range is called
Ans. a. Piedomont
Precipitation in the form of ice balls produced in convective clouds is called
Ans. b. Hail
The rainfall that is produced by mechanical lifting over mountain barriers is called
Ans. d. Orographic
Forest cases are compounded under section ……….. of Forest Act 1927
Ans. a. Section-68
Any act punishable under law is called
Ans. a. Offence
On the basis of ownership forests are classified into
Ans. a. 2 categories (Note: Legally divided into Public/State forests and Private/Private-communal forests). 438. A place where justice is administered is called
Ans. a. Court
The offences for which the police can arrest without warrant are called
Ans. a. Cognizable offences
Forest officers are deemed public servants under section 73 of Forest Act 1927
Ans. b. Section-73
Which one is considered as blanket of earth?
Ans. b. Forest (Note: Described as a protective soil mantle in classical silvicultural texts). 442. Identify the province that represents the largest forest area in the country
Ans. c. KPK
Eucalyptus was introduced in Pakistan from
Ans. d. Australia
Bamboo is multiplied through
Ans. b. Rhizome
The unique functional position of each population is called as
Ans. b. Niche
Most suitable tree species for silkworm rearing is
Ans. a. Morus alba
Working plan is a tool for
Ans. b. Forest Management
Which one is considered as a poor man’ s timber
Ans. c. Bamboo
Pines are propagated through
Ans. b. Seeds
When CAI culminate with MAI is
Ans. c. Rotation period (Note: In forest mensuration, the intersection where Current Annual Increment equals Mean Annual Increment marks the maximum biological volume rotation). 451. Hedgerow cultivation is also known as ———— cropping
Ans. b. Alley
Growth of trees from old stubbles near ground surface is called as
Ans. c. Coppice
Major disease of forest nurseries is
Ans. c. Damping off
Pruning is related to
Ans. a. Standing tree
The art and science of cultivating forest crop is known as
Ans. b. Silviculture
Most important species of moist temperate forests is ———-
Ans. a. Cedrus deodara
Excellent quality garments are prepared from the fibers of
Ans. a. Bamboo
Which of the following is a frost tender tree species
Ans. a. Neem
Process by which trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide, release the oxygen, and store the carbon is called as
Ans. b. Carbon sequestration
International Day of Forests is celebrated on
Ans. a. 21st March
Most suitable tree for paper making is
Ans. a. Eucalyptus
Area where wood or other wood products are stores is known as
Ans. a. Depot
Best planting method for saline soils is
Ans. a. Pit planting (Note: Specific deep-pit techniques help isolate root plugs from localized crust salinity accumulation). 464. Roof of the forest crop is called as
Ans. b. Canopy
Climate having rainy winter and dry summer is called as
Ans. b. Mediterranean
Forest act which is enforce in Pakistan was formulated in
Ans. b. 1927
Any area of land proclaimed a forest under forest law is called as
Ans. b. Legal forest
Tropical grasslands are called as
Ans. b. Savannas
Any plant whose above ground part is not woody is called as
Ans. c. Herb
Xerophytes are the plants of
Ans. b. Desert land
Hydrophytes are considered the plants of
Ans. a. Waterlogged area
Mangroves forest are found in
Ans. d. Coastal areas
Removal of branches from the tree by assuring tree vigor
Ans. a. Pruning
Rain forests are usually found in the regions of
Ans. d. Tropical climate
Reparian vegetation is found
Ans. b. Along streams, canals or rivers
Pnematophores are
Ans. c. Arial root (Note: Specialized aerial respiratory roots that grow upwards out of the water/mud to facilitate gas exchange).
The term social forestry first time was coined by instrument which measures the wind speed is
Ans. d. None of these (Note: The term “social forestry” was coined by Westoby in 1968. The sentence appears to combine two questions; the instrument that measures wind speed is an anemometer).
Process by which trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide, release the oxygen, and store the carbon is called as
Ans. b. Carbon sequestration
Taungya system starts from
Ans. a. Burma (Repeated entry in text).
Rain forests are usually found in regions of
Ans. d. Tropical climate (Repeated entry in text).
Temperate forest are also called
Ans. d. None of these (Note: They are typically classified as temperate deciduous or temperate coniferous forests, distinct from tropical or alpine categories).
Pothohar range land is found in the following parts of the Punjab province
Ans. a. Northern
Percentage of range area of KPK is
Ans. a. 60 (Note: Roughly 60% of the total geographic area of KPK consists of rangelands).
Range site provides to plants
Ans. d. All of these
Environmental factors consist of
Ans. d. All of these
Range land are found in the following provinces
Ans. d. All of these
Edaphic factors are related to
Ans. a. Soil
Total area of Punjab province is
Ans. b. 20.63 m.h (Note: Equal to 20.63 million hectares).
Removal of branches in order to ensure vigor of standing tree
Ans. b. pruning trees (Repeated entry in text).
Tropical rain forest are located where
Ans. d. Rainfall, temperature and humidity is high
Amazon forest is located in
Ans. d. Tropical zone
Agro forestry is the practices of
Ans. b. Growing trees along with crops on the same field
Dominant trees are the
Ans. a. Tallest and have completely free crown
Even aged forest are
Ans. b. Forest with trees of uniform ages
Most productive forest of the world are
Ans. b. Tropical rainforest
Fir, Spruce and Deodar species are found in
Ans. a. Coniferous forest
Amazon forests are located in
Ans. d. Tropical zone (Repeated entry in text).
Good quality paper is manufactured from
Ans. a. Bamboo plants (Note: Bamboo fibers offer excellent structural strength for high-quality writing paper).
For temperate coniferous forest the best silvucultural felling system is
Ans. d. Selection system (Note: Selection felling mimics natural gaps and maintains the necessary uneven-aged structural protection on steep slopes).
Coppice crop is obtained from
Ans. d. Old stubble
Murree hills forest area is part of
Ans. b. Subtropical forest (Note: Primarily represents the subtropical pine zone characterized by Pinus roxburghii, grading into moist temperate at upper crests).
Resin is collected from
Ans. d. Chir tree
Edaphic factors are related to
Ans. a. Soil (Repeated entry in text).
Forest management is part of
Ans. b. Forest management (Note: Options are truncated; forest mensuration serves as a primary operational data tool for Forest Management).
Which tree has allelopatic effect on farm crops
Ans. c. Sufeda (Note: Eucalyptus releases chemical compounds that suppress understory crop germination).
Major function of Range Management is
Ans. c. Water and Soil Conservation
Major products of range management is
Ans. a. Livestock
Minmum range area is found in which province
Ans. a. KPK (Note: Due to higher relative forest canopy density and mountainous terrain allocation).
The Major land use in KPK is
Ans. c. Livestock production (Note: Rangelands cover around 60% of its footprint, making extensive grazing the largest spatial land use).
Maximum Range area is found in which Province
Ans. d. Balochistan
The major land use of Punjab is
Ans. a. Cultivation
The major cause of soil erosion in Thal rage area is
Ans. b. Wind
Soils of range lands in Pakistan are generally
Ans. a. Light textured
Range area of Pakistan are variable due to
Ans. d. All these factors
Major part of range area in Pakistan lies in the following climatic zone
Ans. c. Arid and semi arid
Climate of most of the range areas of Pakistan ecologically is
Ans. c. Sub tropical
Vegetation of arid range area of Pakistan is dominated by
Ans. b. Shrubs
With respect to soil, climate and vegetation, the range area of Pakistan are
Ans. c. Highly variable
Over grazing means grazing
Ans. c. > 50% (Note: Removing more than 50% of the annual primary forage growth disrupts structural root health and biomass recovery).
Vegetation of range areas in southern Pakistan is generally
Ans. c. Sparse
The vegetation of desert range land is usually
Ans. b. Open scrub
Decline in forage yield has naturally resulted in decrease in
Ans. b. Livestock production
Wildlife habitat extends to only
Ans. c. Forest and Range land
The carrying capacity of excellent range area is
Ans. a. 1-5 h/AU/years (Note: Requires fewer hectares per Animal Unit per year to sustain nutritional demands).
Regeneration means
Ans. c. Establishment of new forest crop only through natural & artificial way
Wood of which trees is considered the best for sports goods ?
Ans. c. Toot (Note: Mulberry wood offers exceptional elasticity and high dynamic impact tolerance for items like hockey sticks).
Mangrove forests are located at the elevation of
Ans. d. None of these (Note: They occur exclusively at sea level in intertidal coastal environments).
Pure forest have
Ans. d. More than 90% trees belong to one species (Note: Standard silvicultural classification requires $\ge 80\%$ or $\ge 90\%$ canopy dominance).
What is the major cause of diminishing wildlife number?
Ans. c. Habitat destruction
Trench berm nurseries are also called as
Ans. d. Dry nursery
Cambium is surrounded by phloem from outside which consists of
Ans. d. a & b
Most suitable tree for match stick, packing and shuttering is
Ans. a. Poplar
Nitrogen fixing bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen for trees and in exchange receive
Ans. a. Carbohydrates
Weeding is done at
Ans. b. Seedling stage
Which part of Arjun tree is used as heart tonic
Ans. c. Bark
Deforestation is caused due to_____
Ans. d. All of these
Most fertile layer of soil is___
Ans. a. Top layer
Percent——- of the world water is bound chemically in the minerals i.e
Ans. d. 94.75% (Repeated entry in text).
Rhizophora is an important species of ______forests
Ans. b. Tropical (Note: Specifically, tropical coastal mangrove biomes).
Escape of liquid water molecule from water bodies and wet surfaces is called
Ans. b. Evaporation
Lateral movement of water on soil surface under the force of gravity is called
Ans. b. Runoff (Repeated entry in text).
A small unstable seasonal streamlet which can be ploughed up easily is
Ans. b. Rill
Xylem wood in broad leaf trees is largely made up of
Ans. a. Vessels
The study of response of a tree to environmental stress is referred as
Ans. d. a and b (Note: Broadly falls within both general tree ecology and specific forest autecology).
Christian’s Hypsometer, used to measure tree height, is made on the principles of ——–
Ans. d. Geometric (Note: Based on geometric principles of similar triangles, unlike optical clinometers which use trigonometric relationships).
Production of toxic chemicals by leaves of Azedirachta indica is
Ans. a. Physiological Adaptation (Note: Refers to allelopathy, which is a specialized metabolic adaptation).
The perennial woody plant with a distinct upright stem is known as:
Ans. d. Tree
The dry, temperate forest are found at an elevation of
Ans. d. 1525- 3350 m
The process of folding of leaves of Siris at night to reduce transpiration is called
Ans. b. Physiological Adapt (Note: This movement, known as nyctinasty, is a physiological response to light and temperature cycles).
The instrument which measures the wind speed is called
Ans. c. Anemometer
The objectives of Planned grazing system are
Ans. d. All of them
A tunnel, open channel at the top of an embankment constructed to allow safe release of surplus water from the reservoir is called
Ans. a. Spillway
The surface drainage channel that is made by the downhill movement of water is called
Ans. d. Gully
Subterranean injection of CO2 in deep oil/gas reserves or Deep Ocean is the carbon sequestration through ____process
Ans. a. Physical (Note: Often called physical or geological trapping/sequestration).
Cage like baskets constructed of non-corrosive wire and filled with rock are known as
Ans. d. Gabbions
The most abundant and naturally present green house gas in the atmosphere is:
Ans. c. Water vapors (Note: Water vapor is responsible for the largest percentage of the Earth’s natural greenhouse effect).
Among research manuscript authors, who communicates with journal’s editor?
Ans. c. Corresponding author
A wall constructed to change the direction of water flow
Ans. d. Diversion wall
The most important human activity, leading to the extinction of wildlife, is
Ans. d. Alternation and destruction of natural habitats.
When is the World Wildlife week?
Ans. c. First week of October (Note: Observed annually from October 2 to October 8).
Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan has placed the impact factor journals in ____category.
Ans. a. W (Note: Under the HEC Journal Recognition System, impact factor journals indexed in JCR fall into the W category).
Which of the following is a frost tender tree species?
Ans. a. Kikar (Note: Acacia nilotica/Kikar is highly sensitive to severe frost at seedling and sapling stages).
Planting of new forests on lands that historically have not contained forests is called as.
Ans. d. Afforestation
Silvo-pastoral agro-forestry system is the combination of
Ans. b. Trees and animals
Wood used for fuel should have
Ans. b. High calorific value
Bamboos with dense clumps are called as
Ans. a. Sympodial
Which tree species has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen?
Ans. a. Dalbergia sissoo (Note: As a member of the Fabaceae family, Shisham/Tahli forms symbiotic root nodules).
A document that regulates wood production, silviculture and tending activities in a forest for a specific period of time is called as
Ans. a. Working plan
Age of tree when its harvest will generate the maximum revenue or economic yield
Ans. a. Rotation (Note: Specifically referred to as the Financial/Economic Rotation).
The amount of new wood put on by a tree or a stand in a year is called as
Ans. c. Increment
Which is not a greenhouse gas
Ans. d. Oxygen
The instrument used for measuring air temperature is called
Ans. d. None of these (Note: Psychrometer measures humidity, while air temperature is measured by a standard thermometer. If none of these isn’t an option listed, it is a bad question stem).
What is the animal symbol of World Wildlife Fund?
Ans. b. Giant Panda
The man, predators, scavengers cum decomposers are known as
Ans. d. Final Consumer
The driving force responsible for functioning and growth of the ecosystem is
Ans. d. Solar Energy
____________ % people of Pakistan suffer from protein deficiency
Ans. c. 66
Ecosystem has two components:
Ans. c. Biotic and abiotic
An ecosystem may be defined as:
Ans. b. Different communities of plants, animals and microbes, together with their physicochemical environments
In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:
Ans. a. Only bacteria and fungi (Note: True decomposers/saprotrophs break down organic matter extracellularly, distinct from detritivores/macro-scopic animals).
Competition for water, minerals, light and space is most severe between two:
Ans. a. Closely related species occupying the same niche
Ecosystem is:
Ans. C. Open unit (Note: It relies on a continuous external flow of solar energy and undergoes material exchanges).
A habitat of long severe winters and growing season limited to a few months of summer constitutes:
Ans. C. Tundra ecosystem
An ecosystem is:
Ans. D. A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
Pond is an example of:
Ans. C. Natural ecosystem
The term biosphere is used for the zone of earth where life exists:
Ans. C. In the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
In an aquatic environment, microscopic animals and plants are collectively known:
Ans. D. Planktons
Ecosystem may be defined as:
Ans. C. Functional unit for ecological studies
Prairies and steppes are parts of the natural regions called:
Ans. A. Temperate grasslands
The incorporation of minerals by microbes is called:
Ans. C. Nutrient immobilization
The significance of ecosystem lies in:
Ans. C. Both (a) & (b)
A food chain consists of:
Ans. D. Producers, consumers and decomposers
A food chain starts with:
Ans. B. Photosynthesizing organisms
If CO2 is withdrawn from the biosphere, which organism would first experience negative effect?
Ans. B. Producers
Man is a:
Ans. B. Consumer
The two major functional components of an ecosystem are:
Ans. B. Mineral recycling and energy flow
The driving force of the ecosystem is:
Ans. C. Solar energy
Which is a primary consumer?
Ans. D. Herbivore
The transfer of energy from organism to organism is a natural community establishes:
Ans. A. Food chains
Which of the following is non-renewable source of energy:
Ans. A. Mineral
The primary productivity is minimum in the following ecosystem:
Ans. D. Desert shrub
What is contributed from the outer space in an ecosystem?
Ans. C. Energy only (Note: Contributed in the form of cosmic solar radiation).
The number of producers and consumers in an ecosystem is mutually controlled by a:
Ans. C. Feed back mechanism
The bacteria which attack the dead animals are:
Ans. D. The end of the food chain and are decomposers
If all the green plants were to disappear from the earth:
Ans. B. All the animal will die
In a food chain the largest population is that of:
Ans. A. Producers
The processes involving the transformation of carbon compounds on earth include:
Ans. B. Both biological and non-biological processes
The study of interaction between living organisms and environment in a specific area is the study of:
Ans. C. Ecosystem
A complex of several species and communities in various stages of succession maintained under similar climatic conditions is known as:
Ans. A. Biome
The earth’s atmosphere in which organisms live, is called:
Ans. C. Biosphere
The phytoplanktonic forms of plants are:
Ans. D. Autotrophs
Biome’ is:
Ans. A. A community of organisms interacting with one another (Note: A large, naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat).
A biotic community comprises:
Ans. C. Plants and animals
The river mouth ecosystem is called:
Ans. A. Estuarine
Every ecosystem must have a continuous external source of:
Ans. A. Energy
The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through:
Ans. D. Humification and mineralization (Note: Biogeochemical processes bridge the organic biotic pool with the inorganic abiotic pool).
The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to:
Ans. B. A self-regulatory mechanism
Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants:
Ans. B. Atmospheric CO2
Hydrological cycle is under the control of:
Ans. B. Forests
In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more abundant?
Ans. D. Fossorial (Note: Burrowing adaptations are essential to escape extreme diurnal surface heat).
Which is the most stable ecosystem?
Ans. B. Ocean
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