Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) Competitive Examination for Recruitment to BPS-17 Posts under the Federal Government
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100 Marks
PAPER-I : GEOLOGY
PART-I (Objective) 20 Marks
Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)
(ii) Answers given anywhere other than the OMR Answer Sheet shall not be considered.
According to the principle of Uniformitarianism: (a) Geologic processes we observe today have operated in the past (b) Geologic processes in the past operated at the same rate as they do today (c) All of the planets formed from a uniform solar nebula (d) Early Earth was covered by a uniform magma ocean (e) None of these
Metamorphic rocks are changed rocks. Which of the following rock types could be the “parent” of a metamorphic rock? (a) Sedimentary (b) Igneous (c) Metamorphic (d) All of these (e) None of these
Approximately how fast does an Earth lithospheric plate move? (a) Several centimetres per year (b) Several centimetres per day (c) Several centimetres per hour (d) Several centimetres per second (e) None of these
Minerals: (a) Can form by life processes (organic) (b) Are crystalline solids (c) Have a unique chemical composition (d) Can be any state (solid, liquid or gas) as long as that state occurs naturally (e) None of these
Features useful in defining plate boundaries include all except: (a) Shorelines between continents and oceans (b) Distribution of volcanoes (c) Distribution of earthquakes (d) Distribution of mountain ranges (e) All are correct
The age of the Earth is currently thought to be: (a) About 6,000 years old (b) About 6 billion years old (c) About 4,500,000 years old (d) About 4,500,000,000 years old (e) None of these
Volcanism is associated with which of the following types of plate boundaries? (a) Convergent plate boundaries (b) Divergent plate boundaries (c) Transform fault plate boundaries (d) Divergent and Convergent plate boundaries (e) None of these
A clastic rock is: (a) A rock formed from the cementation of transported grains (b) A rock formed from evaporation of seawater (c) Transformed by heat into limestone (d) Transformed by pressure into limestone (e) None of these
What is the difference between a breccia and a conglomerate? (a) Breccias are coarse-grained and conglomerates are fine-grained (b) Conglomerates are coarse-grained and breccias are fine-grained (c) Breccias have rounded fragments and conglomerates have angular fragments (d) Breccias have angular fragments and conglomerates have rounded fragments (e) None of these
In regional metamorphism, the source of increased temperature and pressure is: (a) A local intrusive heat source (b) Impact metamorphism (c) The increase in temperature with increasing depth of burial (d) Due to increased rate of radioactive decay (e) None of these
Which of the following statements about metamorphism of a shale is false? (a) With increasing metamorphism, the clay minerals break down to form micas (b) With increasing metamorphism, the grain size of the minerals gets smaller (c) With increasing metamorphism, foliation develops (d) With increasing metamorphism, the amount of water decreases (e) None of these
What is the relationship between metamorphic foliation and sedimentary bedding? (a) Sedimentary bedding is required in order for a rock to develop metamorphic foliation (b) Sedimentary bedding and metamorphic foliation are two terms for the same phenomenon (c) Sedimentary bedding and metamorphic foliation are generally parallel (d) There is no regular relationship between sedimentary bedding and metamorphic foliation (e) None of these
A disconformity is: (a) A rock unit that does not contain fossils (b) An erosional surface between igneous and metamorphic rocks (c) An erosional surface between horizontal sedimentary rocks (d) An erosional surface between different rock types (e) None of these
What is the name for an erosion surface that separates two sets of sedimentary layers with non-parallel bedding planes? (a) Cross-bedding (b) Formation (c) Fault unconformity (d) Angular unconformity (e) None of these
How do rock particles move during the passage of a P-wave through the rock? (a) Back and forth parallel to the direction of wave travel (b) Perpendicular to the direction of wave travel (c) In a rolling elliptical motion (d) In a rolling circular motion (e) None of these
Which of the following statements is false? (a) Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries (b) The time and location of most major earthquakes can be predicted several days in advance (c) Earthquakes can be caused by normal, reverse and strike-slip faulting (d) P-waves travel faster than both S-waves and surface waves (e) None of these
Which of the following statements about rock deformation is false? (a) Deep crustal rocks are more likely to deform ductilely than shallow crustal rocks (b) Hotter rocks are more likely to deform ductilely than cooler rocks (c) Most sedimentary rocks are more deformable than igneous rocks (d) Rocks under low confining pressure are more likely to deform ductilely than rocks under high confining pressure (e) None of these
If the sedimentary rocks on a geologic map form a zigzag pattern, the underlying structure probably consists of: (a) Horizontal anticlines and synclines (b) Plunging anticlines and synclines (c) Domes and basins (d) Strike-slip faults (e) None of these
A fault plane strikes north-south and dips steeply to the west. Geologic observations indicate that most of the fault movement was vertical and that Mesozoic rocks occur east of the fault and Paleozoic rocks occur west of the fault. What type of fault is this? (a) Normal (b) Right-lateral strike-slip (c) Reverse (d) All of these (e) None of these
Which of the following types of tectonic forces tends to push two sides of a body in opposite directions so that they slide horizontally past one another? (a) Tensional forces (b) Shearing forces (c) Compressive forces (d) None of these
PART – II(Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt FOUR questions from PART-II (20×4)
Q.2 Ocean currents influence the climate, resources, and economies of many countries. Elaborate on this statement and provide examples.
Q.3 How have earthquake waves helped scientists understand the interior of the Earth? Give a detailed description of the Earth’s interior with the help of diagrams.
Q.4 Discuss the salient features of the Monsoon type of climate. What impact does it have on millions living in South Asia?
Q.5 Differentiate between weathering, mass-wasting, and erosion. Give a detailed classification of mass-wasting types and their areas of occurrence.
Q.6 Describe the young fold mountain-building process with the help of the moving Lithospheric Plate Theory.
Q.7 What is meant by Map Projection? Discuss different types of Conical projections and mention their merits and demerits.
Q.8 Write notes on any TWO of the following: (a) Tropical Cyclones (b) Tides (c) Rock Cycle (d) Aerial Photographs
PAPER-II : GEOLOGY
PART-I (Objective) 20 Marks
Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)
(ii) Answers given anywhere other than the OMR Answer Sheet shall not be considered.
Mark the correct statement about Platinum Group Minerals (PGM). (a) PGM occurs as immiscible segregation in the early magmatic stage and is locked up in silicates (b) They are primarily localized in ultramafic rocks (c) Hydrothermal activity plays a significant role in the concentration of platinum group elements (d) All are correct (e) None of these
Chrysotile Asbestos results from the: (a) Magmatic liquid (b) Alteration of Serpentine (c) Alteration of Olivine to Serpentine (d) Hydrothermal solutions (e) None of these
Mn-ore of chemical grade should have: (a) 90–95% Mn (b) 82–87% Mn (c) 74–78% Mn (d) 60–63% Mn (e) None of these
The major elements in Mn-nodules are: (a) Fe and Mn (b) Fe, Mn and Ni (c) Fe, Mn, Ni and Cu (d) Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu and Co (e) None of these
Iron sulphide minerals are often indicators of the: (a) Geochemical conditions under which they are formed (b) Depositional environments (c) Transportation agencies (d) Both (a) and (b) (e) None of these
Which is the correct statement about Pyrite? (a) It has a wide range of thermal stability up to 743°C (b) It is formed in marine depositional environments (c) It deposits under neutral to alkaline conditions (d) All the above statements are correct (e) None of these
Molybdenum steels are used in: (a) Aircraft (b) Automobiles (c) Oil machinery (d) All of these (e) None of these
Which is the most stable mineral towards weathering? (a) Quartz (b) Feldspar (c) Hornblende (d) Olivine (e) None of these
Which rare earth element replaces Zirconium in Zircon? (a) Thorium (b) Cerium (c) Hafnium (d) None of these
Epidote crystallises in: (a) Orthorhombic system (b) Monoclinic system (c) Triclinic system (d) Cubic system (e) None of these
The degree of transparency of a mineral is known as: (a) Schillerization (b) Diaphaneity (c) Phosphorescence (d) None of these
Polymorphous elements like carbon are called: (a) Semi-polytropic (b) Polytropic (c) Allotropic (d) None of these
Which type of drainage pattern develops in folded or tilted rocks? (a) Dendritic pattern (b) Trellis pattern (c) Rectangular pattern (d) None of these
A plain of eroded bedrock developed between mountain and basin areas is known as: (a) Pediment (b) Playa (c) Piedmont (d) Peneplain (e) None of these
Amorphous substances are: (a) Isotropic (b) Anisotropic (c) Uniaxial (d) Biaxial (e) None of these
Wind causes erosion by: (a) Attrition (b) Abrasion (c) Deflation (d) All these processes (e) None of these
A fossil considered to be the intermediate form between man and ape is: (a) Australopithecus (b) Ramapithecus (c) Sivapithecus (d) Sinanthropus (e) None of these
Stromatolites are mainly preserved in: (a) Shales (b) Sandstones (c) Carbonates (d) Coal (e) None of these
Trace fossils are also known as: (a) Organic fossils (b) Ichnofossils (c) Ripple fossils (d) None of these
What are the applications of conodonts? (a) Biostratigraphy (b) Paleoecology (c) Hydrocarbon exploration (d) All of these (e) None of these
PART – II (Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt FOUR questions from PART-II (20×4)
Q.2 Is there any relation between the ‘Holy Quran and Geography’? Explain your ideas in detail.
Q.3 Which factors affect the ‘Distribution of Population’ in the world? Elaborate.
Q.4 What is the importance of the Iron and Steel industry? How does it play a major role in the development of any country?
Q.5 Draw a map of Pakistan and show physical features on it.
Q.6 Write a comprehensive note on “Kala Bagh Dam is the timely need of Pakistan.”
Q.7 Freshwater shortage is a future threat for Pakistan. Discuss.
Q.8 Write notes on any TWO of the following: (a) The Green Revolution (b) The Golden Corridor (c) Energy Crisis in Pakistan (d) Causes of Rural-Urban Migration in the World
