Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)
Competitive Examination for Recruitment to BPS-17 Posts under the Federal Government
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100 Marks
PAPER-I : GEOLOGY
PART-I(Objective) 20 Marks
(1) The two minerals calcite and aragonite are polymorphs. This means that they have the same:
(a) crystal habit
(b) hardness
(c) crystalline structure
(d) chemical composition
(e) density
(f) None of these
(2) The sentence “The present is the key to the past” is a common restatement of the:
(a) law of superposition
(b) principle of lateral continuity
(c) principle of uniformitarianism
(d) law of diminishing returns
(e) principle of cross-cutting relationships
(f) None of these
(3) When a conglomerate contains particles that are sharp and angular, geologists call it:
(a) an arkose
(b) a travertine
(c) a breccia
(d) a quartz arenite
(e) a coquina
(f) None of these
(4) What type of rock makes up the greatest portion of the volume of the continental crust?
(a) limestone
(b) gabbro
(c) granite
(d) basalt
(e) shale
(f) None of these
(5) Geologists can recognize a gap in a sequence of sedimentary rocks that represents a hiatus in the record of geologic time by locating a feature known as:
(a) an exfoliation dome
(b) an isograd
(c) a geologic column
(d) a varve
(e) an unconformity
(f) None of these
(6) A fossil is most useful to geologists as an index fossil if:
(a) it is only found in one particular place in the world
(b) the species from which it formed had survived, unchanged, for an extremely long time
(c) the species from which it formed is closely related to a modern species
(d) it is only found in sediments deposited during a short interval in Earth’s history
(e) it is very different in appearance from other fossils around it
(f) None of these
(7) A geologist wants to distinguish between mineral samples by seeing how well they resist scratching. What standard should he use as the basis for comparing samples?
(a) the Richter scale
(b) Steno’s laws
(c) the Mohs scale
(d) the Hutton scale
(e) the Carnegie index
(f) None of these
(8) Chalk, coquina, tufa, and travertine are names applied to different varieties of:
(a) mudstone
(b) conglomerate
(c) sandstone
(d) evaporite
(e) limestone
(f) None of these
(9) Seismic body waves:
(a) travel more slowly than surface waves
(b) may be either compressional or shear waves
(c) are produced by the energy that is released at an earthquake epicenter
(d) cannot be detected by an inertial seismograph
(e) are produced in the Earth’s outer core
(10) A geologist describing a fault discovers that rocks in the footwall block have moved upward, relative to rocks in the hanging wall block. What kind of fault has he discovered?
(a) a strike-slip fault
(b) a transform fault
(c) a reverse fault
(d) a normal fault
(e) an oblique fault
(f) None of these
(11) According to the 19th century geologists who first developed the idea, a geosyncline is:
(a) filled almost entirely with volcanic rocks
(b) a huge fold in the middle of a craton
(c) produced by continental convergence
(d) a great trough that gradually deepens as it fills
(e) produced by seafloor spreading
(f) None of these
(12) All of the deep earthquakes in the world are associated with:
(a) spreading centers
(b) mantle plumes
(c) ocean trenches
(d) plate triple junctions
(e) continental shelves
(f) None of these
(13) The oldest rocks on the Earth are found:
(a) in accreted terranes
(b) on mid-ocean ridges
(c) in cratons
(d) in orogens
(e) in subduction zones
(f) None of these
(14) One important outcome of H.F. Reid’s study of the great 1906 earthquake in San Francisco was the development of a new concept called:
(a) isostasy
(b) elastic rebound
(c) free oscillations
(d) mantle convection
(e) risk assessment
(f) None of these
(15) Ophiolite complexes that are located high in the Himalaya Mountains of Asia were probably once pieces of:
(a) an island arc
(b) a craton
(c) the outer core
(d) the oceanic crust
(e) a continental shelf
(f) None of these
(16) What part of the Earth is immediately beneath the lithosphere?
(a) the outer core
(b) the asthenosphere
(c) the inner core
(d) the lower lithosphere
(e) the mesosphere
(f) None of these
(17) Andesitic magma is commonly produced by:
(a) wet partial melting in subduction zones
(b) friction in fold-and-thrust mountains
(c) compression due to deep burial
(d) pressure release at mid-ocean ridges
(e) heat rising in mantle plumes
(f) None of these
(18) Porosity is a measure of:
(a) the percentage of a sediment’s (or a rock’s) volume that is open space
(b) how high the water pressure in a rock or sediment can be
(c) the shape and average size of open spaces in a rock or sediment
(d) how well the open spaces in a rock or sediment are connected to each other
(e) how easily water will flow through a rock or sediment
(f) None of these
(19) Geologists use the equation called Darcy’s Law to calculate:
(a) the depth to the water table
(b) the discharge through an aquifer
(c) the water pressure in an aquifer
(d) the volume of an aquifer
(e) the porosity of an aquifer
(f) None of these
(20) A sinkhole is caused by:
(a) pumping water from a well
(b) collapse of land over a cave
(c) a violent eruption of heated groundwater
(d) tectonic settling between normal faults
(e) melting of buried ice
(f) None of these
PART – II(Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt FOUR questions from PART-II (20×4)
Q.2 What is meant by ocean currents? How are the different types of currents caused? Highlight the currents of the Atlantic Ocean with the help of a sketch map.
Q.3 What are earthquakes? How closely are they connected with earth movements? Elaborate their effects and distributions in the main regions of the world.
Q.4 Define glacier. How would you categorize them according to the mode of formation? Explain with the help of diagrams the characteristic features of a glaciated region.
Q.5 There are certain winds which are generated by terrestrial peculiarities and are named accordingly. Pinpoint/explain such winds (world-wide) with their properties and effects in the prevailing areas.
Q.6 What are the main characteristics of thunderstorms? How are they classified? Also explain their zonal distribution.
Q.7 Differentiate between weather and topographical maps. Briefly express the various terms/features which are associated with these maps.
Q.8 Write short notes on the following:
(a) Geysers
(b) Bonne’s Modified Conical Projection
(c) Advection Fog
(d) Artesian wells
PAPER-II : GEOLOGY
PART-I(Objective) 20 Marks
Write only the correct answers in the answer books. Do not reproduce the questions.
(1) The most necessary property of a reservoir is:
(a) Porosity
(b) voids
(c) Permeability
(d) None of these
(2) The oldest coal field of Pakistan is found in rock of:
(a) Cambrian age
(b) Tertiary age
(c) Permian age
(d) None of these
(3) The youngest oil reservoir rock of Indus Basin is:
(a) Khera sandstone
(b) Murree sandstone
(c) Pab Sandstone
(d) None of these
(4) The dam situated on Kabul River in Pakistan is known as:
(a) Warsak dam
(b) Hub dam
(c) Tarbela dam
(d) None of these
(5) The toposheet that is used for geological mapping is usually of scale:
(a) 1:50,000
(b) 1:100,000
(c) 1:63,360
(d) None of these
(6) One ton of oil is equal to US bbl:
(a) 7.33
(b) 3.77
(c) 37.7
(d) None of these
(7) In Khewra Salt mines which method is used for mining salt:
(a) open mining
(b) Pillar & room
(c) None of these
(8) Best quality of Barite is reported from:
(a) Khuzdar
(b) Kalat
(c) Ziarat
(d) None of these
(9) In which of the following carbon content is the highest:
(a) Peat
(b) Bituminous
(c) Lignite
(d) None of these
(10) Measuring units for natural gas is:
(a) BTU
(b) MMCF
(c) BBL
(d) None of these
(11) The Petroleum geology of Pakistan book is written by:
(a) V.N. Quadri
(b) S.M.G.J. Quadri
(c) I.B. Quadri
(d) None of these
(12) Velocity of P waves is minimum in:
(a) Salt dome
(b) Basalt
(c) Shale
(d) None of these
(13) Isopach contour map represent:
(a) True thickness
(b) Drill thickness
(c) Apparent thickness
(d) None of these
(14) The Travertine mineral is considered to be the result of:
(a) Placer deposit
(b) Hot spring deposit
(c) Fluvial deposit
(d) None of these
(15) Aquifer in a rock which has one of the following water:
(a) Connate water
(b) Percolated water
(c) Meteoric water
(d) None of these
(16) Major causes of land slide is:
(a) Gravity
(b) Vertical bedding
(c) Rainfall
(d) None of these
(17) The instrument which measure the intensity of earthquake is:
(a) Geophone
(b) Seismograph
(c) Magnetometer
(d) None of these
(18) Coal is found in one of the following environment:
(a) Marine
(b) Terrestrial
(c) Shoreline
(d) None of these
(19) Remote Sensing Exploration is highly useful for:
(a) water
(b) mineral
(c) hydrocarbon
(d) None of these
(20) Which one of the following is a trace element in petroleum hydrocarbon:
(a) C
(b) H
(c) S
(d) None of these
PART – II(Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt FOUR questions from PART-II (20×4)
Q.2 Explain urbanization. Give a brief history and present pattern of world urbanization.
Q.3 Differentiate between various types of economic activities. Describe the world patterns of any one activity with special reference to Pakistan.
Q.4 Enumerate the politico-economic relationship between the developed countries and the less developed countries.
Q.5 Divide the world into population-resource regions and describe the major characteristics of any one region.
Q.6 Analyse the power resources of South Asia.
Q.7 Enumerate the salient features of the Indus Water Treaty.
Q.8 Write comprehensive notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Wheat in temperate grassland
(ii) Rice in monsoon Asia
(iii) Iron and steel industry of Japan
(iv) Environmentalism
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