Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)
Competitive Examination for Recruitment to BPS-17 Posts under the Federal Government
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100 Marks
Paper : Criminology
PART-I (Objective) 20 Marks
1. The term criminology is derived from the combination of two Latin words:
(A) Criminality, logic
(B) Crimen, logia
(C) Crimen, logistic
(D) None of these
Answer: B (Note: Derived from Latin *crimen* (offense) and Greek *logia* (study of), often treated in exam contexts under Latin/Greek combinations or “None of these” if strictly Latin, but option B represents the standard root components.)
2. Which approach holds that deviance is not a feature of a group or individual but a process of group interaction through which one individual is defined as deviant:
(A) Labeling theory
(B) Control theory
(C) Functionalist theory
(D) None of these
Answer: A
3. Who first introduced the notion of anomie into sociology?
(A) August Comte
(B) Karl Marx
(C) Max Weber
(D) Emile Durkheim
Answer: D
4. In the mid of 1960’s Robert L. Burgess and Ronald L. Akers presented their differential ________ theory of crime.
(A) Reinforcement
(B) Association
(C) Social learning
(D) None of these
Answer: C (Note: Akers and Burgess formulated the Differential Reinforcement / Social Learning theory of crime.)
5. Which of the following processes focuses on individual offenders and emphasizes the possibility of changing their behavior?
(A) Retribution
(B) Rehabilitation
(C) Deterrence
(D) None of these
Answer: B
6. Which of the following is not an index crime?
(A) Burglary
(B) Larceny
(C) Fraud
(D) None of these
Answer: C (Note: Under traditional UCR definitions, index crimes include violent crimes like murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and property crimes like burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Fraud is typically classified as a Part II offense.)
7. Who wrote the famous monograph ‘On Crimes and Punishments’ in 1764?
(A) Charles Montesquieu
(B) Jeremy Bentham
(C) Cesare Beccaria
(D) None of these
Answer: C
8. __________ is defined as “non-conformity to a given set of norms that are accepted by a significant number of people in society”:
(A) Criminality
(B) Deviance
(C) Recidivism
(D) Degeneracy
Answer: B
9. White-collar crime is low in visibility because:
(A) Involves only small amounts of money
(B) The proletariat can outsmart the bourgeoisie
(C) Goes undetected in the context of everyday business transactions
(D) None of these
Answer: C
10. Crimes that are conducted over the internet or other computer network are called:
(A) Cyber
(B) Blue crime
(C) Felony
(D) None of these
Answer: A (Note: Cybercrime / Cyber offences.)
11. As per section 5 of the Probation of Offenders Ordinance, an offender of an offence under section 392, P.P.C. can:
(A) Be released on probation
(B) Not be released on probation
(C) Both (A) & (B)
(D) None of these
Answer: B (Note: Section 392 PPC deals with robbery, which carries severe punishment thresholds often excluded or restricted under standard probation terms unless specific exceptions apply, though statutory exclusions usually apply to heinous offenses.)
12. R.K. Merton argued that a person could experience strain if they cannot achieve culturally acceptable goals via socially-acceptable means, then he adopted an alternate way; he titled that way as:
(A) Conformists
(B) Innovators
(C) Ritualist
(D) None of these
Answer: B
13. Under section 562, Cr.P.C., the court has the power to release an offender on probation for:
(A) Being educated
(B) Good conduct
(C) Being old ager or minor
(D) None of these
Answer: B
14. The Parliament and the Constitution are instruments of:
(A) Legal Justice
(B) Political Justice
(C) Economic Justice
(D) Social Justice
Answer: A (Note: Legal justice is administered through the constitutional and statutory framework enacted by the parliament and upheld by courts.)
15. Article 123 of the Police Order 2002 empowers any police officer not below the rank of _________ to give direction against serious disorder at a place of amusement?
(A) S.S.P. or above
(B) S.H.O. or above
(C) Assistant Sub-Inspector
(D) None of these
Answer: D (Note: Under the Police Order 2002, powers relating to public assemblies, places of amusement, or specific operational directions are typically vested in designated senior ranks such as Superintendent or SP/SDPO, or specific local commanders depending on exact sub-clauses, making “None of these” fitting if the exact rank listed doesn’t match the statutory text.)
16. Lombroso claimed that:
(A) Criminals were socialized by interaction
(B) No act is intrinsically deviant
(C) Biological failings drove criminal behavior
(D) Women were less likely to be arrested than men
Answer: C
17. What does U.C.R. stand for?
(A) Uniform Crime Report
(B) Universal Crime Rate
(C) Undefined Criminal Rule
(D) None of these
Answer: A
18. Crime mapping shows:
(A) Location of crime
(B) Crime arrest rates
(C) Crime statistics
(D) None of these
Answer: A
19. The intent to commit the criminal act is known as:
(A) Mens rea
(B) Actus reus
(C) Mala in se
(D) None of these
Answer: A
20. No police officer shall engage in any private employment while he is a member of the police establishment as provided by Article _________, of the Police Order 2002?
(A) 116
(B) 117
(C) 118
(D) None of these
Answer: B (Note: Article 117 of the Police Order, 2002 explicitly prohibits police officers from engaging in private employment or business while serving.)
PART-II (Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from EACH SECTION. (20×4)
PART-II
SECTION-I
Q. No. 2. Discuss the scope of criminology and its significance in Pakistani society. (20)
Q. No. 3. Explain R.K. Merton’s Strain Theory. Critically elaborate its effects on youth and suggest remedies to overcome. (20)
SECTION-II
Q. No. 4. Explain juvenile delinquency. What are the socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors that lead to juvenile delinquency? (20)
Q. No. 5. What difficulties do police officers encounter in preventing crime and upholding social order and law? (20)
SECTION-III
Q. No. 6. Describe the following types of legal justice: (5 each)
(a) Retributive Justice
(b) Procedural Justice
(c) Distributive Justice
(d) Restorative Justice (20)
Q. No. 7. Discuss the importance of the investigation process in the criminal justice system. How can these be more effective? (20)
SECTION-IV
Q. No. 8. Is radicalism present in Pakistani society? How does it escalate into terrorism? (20)
Q. No. 9. Write short notes on the following: (10 each)
(a) Anti Narcotics Force
(b) Money Laundering (20)
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