Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)
Competitive Examination for Recruitment to BPS-17 Posts under the Federal Government
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100 Marks
Paper : Criminology
PART-I (Objective) 20 Marks
1. Children who continue to commit status offense despite repeated intervention by the family, school, social service, and Law Enforcement Agencies are called:
(A) Life course persistent offender
(B) Chronic status offender
(C) Recidivist
(D) None of these
Answer: B
2. Cesare Beccaria had written a book on “crime and punishment” in:
(A) 1764
(B) 1738
(C) 1799
(D) None of these
Answer: A
3. “Parens patriae” is:
(A) The supreme guardian of every child
(B) Ultimate guardian of every child
(C) Both (A) & (B)
(D) None of these.
Answer: C
4. The first specialized correctional institute for youth in the United States was:
(A) Borstal institution
(B) Juvenile court
(C) House of commons
(D) None of these
Answer: D (Note: Historically, houses of refuge, such as the New York House of Refuge founded in 1824, were the first specialized correctional institutions for youth in the US.)
5. ___________ is called the father of probation.
(A) Blackstone
(B) John Augustus
(C) Travis Hirschi
(D) None of these
Answer: B
6. A philosophy of punishment based on society’s moral outrage or disapproval of a crime is called:
(A) Individual justice
(B) Utilitarian philosophy
(C) Retribution
(D) None of these
Answer: C
7. Social Disorganization Theory was proposed by:
(A) Wilson & Kelin
(B) Robert K. Merton
(C) Edwin Sutherland
(D) None of these
Answer: D (Note: Social Disorganization Theory was developed primarily by Chicago School sociologists Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay.)
8. Many of the rules prescribed severe penalties which apply the dictum “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” was related to:
(A) The code of severe punishment
(B) The Code of Hammurabi
(C) Societal laws of UK
(D) None of these
Answer: B
9. According to Strain theory, ___________ are those individuals who have traditional success goals, but substitute deviant means to achieve them.
(A) Conformists
(B) Innovators
(C) Rebels
(D) None of these
Answer: B
10. ____________ coined the term Criminology.
(A) Cesare Beccaria
(B) Cesare Lombroso
(C) Becker
(D) None of these
Answer: D (Note: The term “criminology” was coined by the French anthropologist Paul Topinard in 1885.)
11. Who is considered the father of Criminology?
(A) Cesare Beccaria
(B) Jeremy Bentham
(C) Cesare Lombroso
(D) None of these
Answer: C
12. ___________ is a malicious software that inserts itself into other programs.
(A) Worms
(B) Malware
(C) Virus
(D) None of these
Answer: C
13. _________ damages data, ___________ steals sensitive private information.
(A) Virus, Spyware
(B) Virus, Antivirus
(C) Antivirus, Spyware
(D) None of these
Answer: A
14. Phishing is a form of:
(A) Impersonation
(B) Spamming
(C) Identity theft
(D) None of these
Answer: C (Note: Phishing is widely classified as a form of identity theft/social engineering aimed at acquiring sensitive information.)
15. A working definition of the problem is formulated during which stage of the SARA problem-solving approach?
(A) Assessment
(B) Analysis
(C) Response
(D) None of these
Answer: B (Note: In the SARA model—Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment—the analysis stage involves identifying and formulating a working definition of the problem.)
16. Community policing recommends _________________, with less reliance on the patrol car and more emphasis on face-to-face interactions.
(A) Prevention Emphasis
(B) Geographic Focus
(C) Both (A) & (B)
(D) None of these
Answer: D (Note: Community policing emphasizes foot patrols, permanent neighborhood assignments, and community engagement rather than strictly geographic focus or prevention emphasis options alone, though ‘None of these’ fits the specific structural phrasing best.)
17. ____________ is when a company or person sends unwanted email to another person.
(A) Skimming
(B) Spoofing
(C) Spamming
(D) None of these
Answer: C
18. A person who frequently has been convicted of criminal behavior and is presumed to be a danger:
(A) Occasional Criminals
(B) Habitual Criminals
(C) Professional Criminals
(D) None of these
Answer: B
19. _________________ applied a positivist approach in analyzing crimes.
(A) Cesare Lombroso
(B) R. K. Merton
(C) Cesare Beccaria
(D) None of these
Answer: A
20. _____________ describes repeat offending by those who have been in prison.
(A) Repetition
(B) Reciprocal
(C) Recidivism
(D) None of these
Answer: C
PART-II (Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from EACH SECTION. (20×4)
PART-II
SECTION-I
Q2. Explain the concept of crime as a social problem. How does the perception of crime as a social problem vary across different societies?
Q3. Explain Labelling theory. Critically elaborate its effects on youth and suggest remedies also.
SECTION-II
Q4. Explain juvenile delinquency. What are the socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors leading to juvenile delinquency?
Q5. Discuss the role of rehabilitation centers in the reformative treatment of criminals. How do these centers contribute to the reintegration of offenders into society?
SECTION-III
Q6. Enumerate and explain the key principles that guide effective criminal investigations. How do these principles contribute to the success of an investigation?
Q7. Provide an overview of the International Police Association (IPA). What is its mission, and how does it contribute to international police relations?
SECTION-IV
Q8. Define radicalization. What factors contribute to individuals becoming radicalized, and how can societies address these influences?
Q9. Discuss the concept of community policing and explain potential benefits and challenges associated with its implementation in Pakistan. How can these challenges be effectively addressed?
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