Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)
Competitive Examination for Recruitment to BPS-17 Posts under the Federal Government
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
MAXIMUM MARKS: 100 Marks
CHEMISTRY, PAPER-I
PART-II
Attempt FIVE questions in all, Including Questions No.1 which is COMPULSORY, All questions carry EQUAL marks.
Q. 2. (a) Write two equations of state for real gases and compare them, highlighting their important features. (10)
(b) (i) Explain Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. (05)
(ii) Discuss Born’s interpretation of the wave function. (05) (10)
Q. 3. (a) Explain Kohlrausch’s law. Why should real solutions deviate from this law? (10)
(b) Compare Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s adsorption isotherms. (10)
Q. 4. (a) Explain the Arrhenius equation. Also highlight its applications and limitations. (10)
(b) Explain various acid-base theories. What are hard and soft acids and bases? (10)
Q. 5. (a) Make a comparison of column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) by highlighting the merits and demerits of both. (10)
(b) Explain Werner’s theory of coordination complexes. Give examples from d-block transition metals. (10)
Q. 6. (a) Give a comprehensive classification of various chromatographic techniques. Also mention the potential application of each. (10)
(b) (i) What is Hydrogen bonding? Explain. (05)
(ii) Describe Hybridization in p-block elements. (05) (10)
Q. 7. (a) Explain Crystal Field Theory (CFT) for d-block elements. (10)
(b) Write an extensive essay on the types of chemical bonding, giving examples. (10)
Q. 8. Write short notes on the following: (5 x 4 = 20)
(i) Liquid junction potential
(ii) Potentiometry
(iii) Collision theory of chemical reactions
(iv) Transition state theory
CHEMISTRY, PAPER-II
Attempt FIVE questions in all, Including Questions No.1 which is COMPULSORY, All questions carry EQUAL marks.
PART-II
Q. No. 2. Explain the difference between the following terms: (5 x 4 = 20)
(i) Inductive and Field effects
(ii) Inductive and Resonance effects
(iii) Localized and Delocalized bonding
(iv) Conjugation and Hyperconjugation
Q. No. 3. (a) “The resonance effect has an appreciable influence on physical characteristics and the chemical reactivity of organic molecules”. Elaborate the statement with the help of examples. (10)
(b) Outline the EAS mechanism (Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution) through which aromatic compounds react with electrophiles. (05)
(c) Discuss the factors which favour an elimination reaction occurring over a substitution reaction. (05)
Q. No. 4. How would you carry out the following conversions? Account for your answer with a complete step-by-step mechanism in each case: (4 x 5 = 20)
(i) (CH₃)₃CCH=CH₂ → (CH₃)₂C(OH)CH(CH₃)₂
(ii) (CH₃)₃CCH=CH₂ → (CH₃)₃CCH(OH)CH₃
(iii) (CH₃)₃CCH=CH₂ → (CH₃)₃CCH₂CH₂OH
(iv) (CH₃)₃CC≡CH → (CH₃)₃CCOCH₃
(v) (CH₃)₃CC≡CH → (CH₃)₃CCH₂CHO
Q. No. 5. The following reactions can be used for the preparation of alkanes or cycloalkanes. Elaborate them with the help of complete reaction mechanisms: (5 x 4 = 20)
(i) Corey-House reaction
(ii) Wurtz reaction
(iii) Kolbe reaction
(iv) Simmons-Smith Reaction
Q. No. 6. How would you convert cyclohexanone into the following compounds? Write down the detailed mechanisms of the reactions: (4 x 5 = 20)
(a) Caprolactone
(b) Caprolactam
(c) Cycloheptanone
(d) Cyclohexane-1,2-dione
(e) Cyclohexane
Q. No. 7. (a) How can a racemic mixture be separated into its individual optically active components? Describe different resolution methods in detail. (16)
(b) (-)-Lactic acid has a specific rotation of –3.8°. What will be the specific rotation of a solution containing 7.5 g of (-)-lactic acid and 2.5 g of (+)-lactic acid? (04)
Q. No. 8. (a) Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of glucose. How will you differentiate among these three both structurally and functionally? (12)
(b) Explain precisely the following biochemical pathways: (2 x 4 = 08)
(i) Glycolysis
(ii) Glycogenolysis
(iii) Glycogenesis
(iv) Gluconeogenesis
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