Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC)
Competitive Examination for Recruitment to BPS-17 Posts under the Federal Government
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Paper: Anthropology
PART-I (Objective) : 20 Marks
Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20×1=20)
(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than the OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.
1. A process through which the principles of fast-food restaurants are applied to the rest of the world is known as:
(A) Globalization (B) McDonaldization (C) Westernization (D) None of these
2. A culturally idealized form of masculinity that legitimizes men’s dominance over women and other men in society is known as:
(A) Authority (B) Hegemonic Masculinity (C) Power (D) None of these
3. Immersion in the field is an important component of the following method:
(A) Phenomenology (B) Ethnography (C) Case Study (D) None of these
4. Validity in qualitative research is maintained through:
(A) Triangulation, respondent validation, and reflexivity (B) Positionality, survey, and observations
(C) Respondent validation, FGDs, and interviews (D) None of these
5. Who gave the concept of Verstehen?
(A) Karl Marx (B) Judith Butler (C) Max Weber (D) None of these
6. A belief that one’s own cultural values, customs, and morals are superior to those of others is called:
(A) Ethnocentrism (B) Ecocentrism (C) Xenocentrism (D) None of these
7. A marriage type in which a woman is allowed to have multiple husbands is known as:
(A) Polygamy (B) Polyandry (C) Polygyny (D) None of these
8. A type of participant observation where a researcher joins a group without revealing their identity is known as:
(A) Covert (B) Overt (C) Reflexivity (D) None of these
9. The key elements of culture include:
(A) Religion, folkways, artifacts, symbols, and discourses (B) Mores, symbol, faith, food, values, and symbol
(C) Symbol, language, norms, values, and artifacts (D) None of these
10. What is the study of human communication through body movements and gestures?
(A) Kinesics (B) Proxemics (C) Linguistics (D) None of these
11. A web of relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies is known as:
(A) Patronage (B) Kinship (C) Network (D) None of these
12. A theoretical perspective that believes in balance and order in society is known as:
(A) Holism (B) Structuralism (C) Structural Functionalism (D) None of these
13. Which of the following is a process that explains how new ideas and technologies spread through a population?
(A) Acculturation (B) Evolution (C) Diffusion (D) None of these
14. Clifford Geertz is an Anthropologist known for his contribution to:
(A) Archeology (B) Political Anthropology (C) Symbolic Anthropology (D) None of these
15. What is the primary critique of essentialism in anthropology?
(A) It overemphasizes the importance of biology in shaping human behavior.
(B) It ignores the fluidity and diversity of human experiences.
(C) It focuses too heavily on individual agency and choice. (D) None of these
16. The Elementary Structures of Kinship was written by:
(A) Levi-Strauss (B) Clifford Geertz (C) Max Weber (D) None of these
17. Ethnography is a research method in Anthropology introduced by:
(A) Bronislaw Malinowski (B) Martin Heidegger (C) Mary Wollstonecraft (D) None of these
18. The term cultural lag was coined by:
(A) Levi Strauss (B) George Brown (C) William Ogburn (D) None of these
19. A pattern of residence in which the husband comes to reside in the wife’s house after marriage is called:
(A) Patrilocal residence (B) Bilocal residence (C) Neolocal residence (D) None of these
20. How does the concept of “biopower” as developed by Michel Foucault help us understand the relationship between power and the body?
(A) By arguing that power resides solely in the hands of the state.
(B) By demonstrating how power operates through subtle and often invisible means to shape bodies and behaviors.
(C) By emphasizing the importance of individual resistance to power. (D) None of these
PART-II (Subjective) : 80 Marks
Attempt ONLY FOUR Questions from PART-II. (20×4)
PART-II
Q. No. 2. Outline and explain some of the major perspectives in globalization studies. In what ways has the globalization of media and culture impacted Pakistani society? Critically analyze the pros and cons of such changes on indigenous culture. (20)
Q. No. 3. Interpretivism has been applied in anthropological research historically. Provide specific examples of anthropological studies that reflect the interpretivist approach to research. Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of using interpretivism in anthropological research. (20)
Q. No. 4. Discuss the concept of “fictive kinship” and its significance in contemporary societies. Provide examples of fictive kinship relationships from different cultures including Pakistan. (20)
Q. No. 5. Define and explain the anthropological concepts of ‘race’ and ‘ethnicity’. Critically examine the social and political implications of racial and ethnic categorizations, providing examples from historical and contemporary contexts. What are the implications of ethnic and racial discrimination in Pakistani society? (20)
Q. No. 6. Explain and critique the concept of “value” in economic anthropology. How do different cultures conceptualize and ascribe value to goods, services, and labor? Provide examples to support your answer. (20)
Q. No. 7. Poverty and social inequality are complex global problems having serious social, economic, and political consequences. Analyze these problems and their consequences in contemporary Pakistan using Dependency and Structuralism Theories. (20)
Q. No. 8. Write Brief Notes on the following: (10 each)
(i) Discuss the role of social networks and social capital in shaping urban experiences.
(ii) What are some of the ethical considerations for feminist anthropologists conducting fieldwork?
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