Chapter VI —Offences Against The State

CHAPTER VI — OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE (Sections 121–130)

Section 121 — Waging or Attempting to Wage War / Abetting War against Pakistan

Definition:

• Anyone who wages war against Pakistan, attempts it, or abets it.

• “Abetment” includes assisting, aiding, or facilitating such actions.

Punishment: Death or Life Imprisonment + Fine.

Illustration:

• A joins an armed insurrection against Pakistan → guilty under Sec. 121.

Urdu Summary:
پاکستان کے خلاف جنگ کرنا، کوشش کرنا یا اس میں مدد کرنا → سزا: موت یا عمر قید + جرمانہ۔

Exam Tip:

• Always mention waging, attempting, or abetting for full marks.

• Distinguish between waging war and sedition.

Section 121-A — Conspiracy to Commit Offences under Section 121

Definition:

• Conspiring inside or outside Pakistan to:

  1. Commit an offence under Sec. 121

  2. Deprive Pakistan of sovereignty

  3. Overawe Federal/Provincial Government by criminal force

• Note: No act needs to happen to constitute conspiracy.

Punishment: Life Imprisonment or Imprisonment up to 10 years + Fine.

Urdu Summary:
پاکستان کی خودمختاری کو نقصان پہنچانے یا حکومت کو خوفزدہ کرنے کی سازش → سزا: عمر قید یا 10 سال تک + جرمانہ۔

Illustration:

• Person outside Pakistan plans to overthrow government → liable under Sec. 121-A.

Section 122 — Collecting Arms or Men with Intent to Wage War

Definition:

• Collecting men, arms, or ammunition to prepare for war against Pakistan.

Punishment: Life Imprisonment or Imprisonment ≤ 10 years + Fine.

Urdu Summary:
پاکستان کے خلاف جنگ کی تیاری میں ہتھیار یا لوگ جمع کرنا → عمر قید یا 10 سال تک + جرمانہ۔

Exam Tip:

• Focus on intent to wage war; even preparation counts.

Section 123 — Concealing Design to Facilitate War

Definition:

• Concealing the existence of a plan to wage war intending to facilitate it or knowing that concealment is likely to facilitate it.

Punishment: Imprisonment ≤ 10 years + Fine.

Urdu Summary:
جنگ کے منصوبے کو چھپانا تاکہ اسے آسان بنایا جا سکے → 10 سال تک قید + جرمانہ۔

Illustration:

• A knows B plans armed rebellion, hides info from authorities → guilty under Sec. 123.

Section 123-A — Condemning Pakistan or its Sovereignty

Definition:

• Using words, writing, signs, or representations to:

  • Abuse Pakistan

  • Condemn its creation

  • Advocate curtailment/abolition of sovereignty

Punishment: Rigorous imprisonment ≤ 10 years + Fine.

Urdu Summary:
پاکستان یا اس کی خودمختاری کے خلاف زبان یا اشاروں کے ذریعے اظہار → 10 سال قید + جرمانہ۔

Subsection 2 & 3:

• Court can restrict movements, communication, and activities of the accused during investigation or trial.

Section 123-B — Defiling / Removing National Flag

Definition:

• Deliberately defiling or removing Pakistan’s National Flag from Govt. property.

Punishment: Imprisonment ≤ 3 years, Fine, or Both.

Urdu Summary:
قومی پرچم کو بدنام یا ہٹانا → 3 سال قید یا جرمانہ۔

Section 124 — Assaulting President/Governor

Definition:

• Using criminal force to compel or restrain President/Governor regarding lawful powers.

Punishment: Imprisonment ≤ 7 years + Fine.

Urdu Summary:
صدر یا گورنر پر حملہ یا قانونی اختیارات کے سلسلے میں روک → 7 سال قید + جرمانہ۔

Section 124-A — Sedition (فتنے یا باغی پن)

Definition:

• Exciting hatred or disaffection towards Federal/Provincial Govt. through words, writing, signs, or visible representations.

Punishment:

• Life imprisonment + Fine

• Or ≤ 3 years imprisonment + Fine

• Or Fine only

Explanation:

• Disaffection = Disloyalty, Enmity

• Criticism of policies by lawful means without inciting hatred = Not an offence

Urdu Summary:
حکومت کے خلاف دشمنی یا ناپسندیدگی پیدا کرنا → عمر قید یا 3 سال تک قید + جرمانہ یا صرف جرمانہ۔

Section 125 — Waging War Against Allied/Peaceful Powers

Punishment: Life imprisonment + Fine, or ≤ 7 years + Fine.

Urdu Summary:
پاکستان کے دوست یا امن کے ممالک کے خلاف جنگ → عمر قید یا 7 سال تک قید + جرمانہ۔

Section 126 — Committing Depredation on Allied/Peaceful Territories

Definition:

• Looting or preparing to loot allied territories.

Punishment: ≤ 7 years imprisonment + Fine + Forfeiture of property.

Urdu Summary:
دوست یا امن کے ملک کی زمین پر لوٹ مار → 7 سال قید + جرمانہ + ضبطِ ملکیت۔

Section 127 — Receiving Property Taken by War/Depredation

Punishment: ≤ 7 years imprisonment + Fine + Forfeiture of property.

Urdu Summary:
جنگ یا لوٹ مار سے حاصل شدہ مال وصول کرنا → 7 سال قید + جرمانہ + ضبطِ مال۔

Section 128 — Public Servant Allowing State/War Prisoner to Escape

Voluntary Escape: Life imprisonment or ≤ 10 years + Fine
Negligent Escape: ≤ 3 years + Fine

Urdu Summary:
قیدی کو جان بوجھ کر یا غفلت سے فرار ہونے دینا → عمر قید یا 10 سال / 3 سال قید + جرمانہ۔

Section 130 — Aiding, Rescuing, or Harbouring Prisoners

Definition:

• Assisting, rescuing, harbouring, or obstructing recapture of State/War prisoner.

Punishment: Life imprisonment or ≤ 10 years + Fine.

Urdu Summary:
قیدی کو بچانا، مدد کرنا، چھپانا یا دوبارہ پکڑنے سے روکنا → عمر قید یا 10 سال تک قید + جرمانہ۔

Explanation: Parole limits count; going beyond = escape from lawful custody.

Exam Tips for Sections 121–130:

1. Distinguish Waging War (121), Conspiracy (121-A), Sedition (124-A), Depredation (126).

2. Remember punishments: Death, Life, Rigorous, Fine.

3. Highlight intent, aid, abet, concealment in answers.

4. Use illustrations to score better in law exams.

5. Public Servants have stricter liabilities in Sections 128–130.

Free Download Pakistan Penal Code, 1860

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For download PDF PPC 1860, Chapter I Introduction

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For download PDF PPC 1860, Chapter II GENERAL EXPLANATIONS in URDU 

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FOR Download PDF CHAPTER III – OF PUNISHMENTS (سزائیں)

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For Download PDF Chapter-IV General Exceptions (عمومی استثنات)

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For Download Chapter V Of Abetment (اکسانے کے متعلق)

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